Detection of Salmonella enterica in pigs at slaughter and comparison with human isolates in Italy

Bonardi, S.; Alpigiani, Irene; Bruini, Ilaria; Barilli, Elena; Brindani, F.; Morganti, Marina; Cavallini, Pierugo; Bolzoni, Luca; Pongolini, Stefano

doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2015.11.005

Cited by 52 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Among the isolates, the prevalence of Salmonella was 27.83% (64/230) in ileum samples, 8.43% (14/166) in liver samples and 3.17% (2/63) in feces samples, respectively. The prevalence of Salmonella from ileum was slightly higher than the 23.8% observed in Brazil (da Silva et al 2012) and lower than the 36.5% reported in Huaian in China (Zhou et al 2017).The serotyping results indicated that S. Derby (43.75%) in B group was the predominant serovar in the slaughterhouse and processing chain, which is consistent with previous studies (Bonardi et al 2016;Piras et al 2011). In fact, S. Derby has been shown to be the most common serovar across the world.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Serotype distribution, antimicrobial susceptibility, antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence genes of Salmonella isolated from a pig slaughterhouse in Yangzhou, China

Yin

Zheng

et al. 2019

AMB Expr

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Salmonella is an important food-borne pathogen associated with public health and high economic losses. To investigate the prevalence and the characteristics of Salmonella in a pig slaughterhouse in Yangzhou, a total of 80 Salmonella isolates were isolated from 459 (17.43%) samples in 2016-2017. S. Derby (35/80, 43.75%) was the most prevalent, followed by S. Rissen (16/80, 20.00%) and S. Newlands (11/80, 13.75%). The highest rates of susceptibility were observed to cefoxitin (80/80, 100.0%) and amikacin (80/80, 100.0%), followed by aztreonam (79/80, 98.75%) and nitrofurantoin (79/80, 98.75%). The highest resistance rate was detected for tetracycline (65/80, 81.25%), followed by ampicillin (60/80, 75.00%), bactrim (55/80, 68.75%), and sulfisoxazole (54/80, 67.50%). Overall, 91.25% (73/80) of the isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic, while 71.25% (57/80) of the isolate strains were multidrug resistant in the antimicrobial susceptibility tested. In addition, 86.36% (19/22) of the 22 antimicrobial resistance genes in the isolates were identified. Our data indicated that the resistance to certain antimicrobials was significantly associated, in part, with antimicrobial resistance genes. Furthermore, 81.25% (65/80) isolates harbored the virulence gene of mogA, of which 2 Salmonella Typhimurium isolates carried the mogA, spvB and spvC virulence genes at the same time. The results showed that swine products in the slaughterhouse were contaminated with multidrug resistant Salmonella commonly, especially some isolates carry the spv virulence genes. The virulence genes might facilitate the dissemination of the resistance genes to consumers along the production chain, suggesting the importance of controlling Salmonella during slaughter for public health.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Serotype distribution, antimicrobial susceptibility, antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence genes of Salmonella isolated from a pig slaughterhouse in Yangzhou, China

Yin

Zheng

et al. 2019

AMB Expr

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“…The high level of molecular correlation between S . Typhimurium monophasic isolates from pigs at the slaughterhouse and human clinical cases was recently confirmed by a study conducted in Italy (Bonardi et al., ).…”

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 76%

The European Union summary report on trends and sources of zoonoses, zoonotic agents and food‐borne outbreaks in 2015

2016

EFS2

257

100

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This report of EFSA and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control presents the results of the zoonoses monitoring activities carried out in 2015 in 32 European countries (28 Member States (MS) and four non-MS). Campylobacteriosis was the most commonly reported zoonosis and the increasing European Union (EU) trend for confirmed human cases since 2008 continued. In food, the occurrence of Campylobacter remained high in broiler meat. The decreasing EU trend for confirmed human salmonellosis cases since 2008 continued, but the proportion of human Salmonella Enteritidis cases increased. Most MS met their Salmonella reduction targets for poultry. More S. Enteritidis isolates were reported and S. Infantis was confirmed as the most frequent serovar isolated from domestic fowl. In foodstuffs, the EU level Salmonella non-compliance for minced meat and meat preparations from poultry was low. Despite the significant increasing trend since 2008, the number of human listeriosis cases stabilised in 2015. In ready-to-eat foods, Listeria monocytogenes seldom exceeded the EU food safety limit. The decreasing EU trend for confirmed yersiniosis cases since 2008 continued. Positive findings for Yersinia were mainly reported in pig meat and products thereof. The number of confirmed shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infections in humans was similar to 2014. In food, STEC was most frequently reported in meat from ruminants. A total of 4,362 food-borne outbreaks, including waterborne outbreaks, were reported. Bacteria were the most commonly detected causative agents, followed by bacterial toxins, viruses, other causative agents and parasites. The causative agent remained unknown in 33.5% of all outbreaks. As in previous years, Salmonella in eggs continued to represent the highest risk agent/food combination. The report further summarises trends and sources for tuberculosis due to Mycobacterium bovis, Brucella, Trichinella, Echinococcus, Toxoplasma, rabies, Coxiella burnetii (Q fever), West Nile virus and tularaemia.

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“…Moreover, several studies have demonstrated correlations between S. Derby in pigs and humans (80,(82)(83)(84)(85)(86)(87). For example, in Italy, a comparison of the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) profiles of swine and human isolates confirmed a strong correlation between S. Derby isolated from animals in slaughterhouses and those held at lairage for long periods.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Worldwide Epidemiology ofSalmonellaSerovars in Animal-Based Foods: a Meta-analysis

Ferrari

Rosário

Neto

et al. 2019

Appl Environ Microbiol

421

264

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Salmonella spp. are among the most important foodborne pathogens and the third leading cause of human death among diarrheal diseases worldwide. Animals are the primary source of this pathogen, and animal-based foods are the main transmission route to humans. Thus, understanding the global epidemiology of Salmonella serovars is key to controlling and monitoring this bacterium. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and diversity of Salmonella enterica serovars in animalbased foods (beef, pork, poultry, and seafood) throughout the five continents (Africa, the Americas [North and Latin America], Asia, Europe, and Oceania). The meta-analysis consisted of a chemometric assessment (hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis) to identify the main epidemiological findings, including the prevalence and diversity of the Salmonella serovars in each matrix. Regarding the serovar distribution, S. Typhimurium presented a cosmopolitan distribution, reported in all four assessed matrices and continents; poultry continues to play a central role in the dissemination of the Enteritidis serovar to humans, and Anatum and Weltevreden were the most frequently found in beef and seafood, respectively. Additionally, we recommended careful monitoring of certain serovars, such as Derby, Agona, Infantis, and Kentucky. Finally, given the scientific data regarding the most frequently reported serovars and which matrices constitute the main vehicles for the transmission of this pathogen, control programs may be improved, and specific interventions may be implemented in an attempt to reduce the risk of this pathogen reaching humans. IMPORTANCE Salmonellosis is caused by Salmonella spp. and is the third leading cause of death among food-transmitted diseases. This pathogen is commonly disseminated in domestic and wild animals, and the infection's symptoms are characterized by acute fever, nausea, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. The animals are the primary source of salmonellae, and animal-based foods are the main transmission route to humans. Therefore, data collected from these sources could contribute to future global interventions for effective control and surveillance of Salmonella along the food chain. In light of this, the importance of our research is in identifying the prevalence of Salmonella serovars in four animal-based food matrices (pork, poultry, beef, and seafood) and to evaluate the importance that each matrix has as the primary source of this pathogen to humans.

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Detection of Salmonella enterica in pigs at slaughter and comparison with human isolates in Italy

Cited by 52 publications

References 26 publications

Serotype distribution, antimicrobial susceptibility, antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence genes of Salmonella isolated from a pig slaughterhouse in Yangzhou, China

Serotype distribution, antimicrobial susceptibility, antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence genes of Salmonella isolated from a pig slaughterhouse in Yangzhou, China

The European Union summary report on trends and sources of zoonoses, zoonotic agents and food‐borne outbreaks in 2015

Worldwide Epidemiology ofSalmonellaSerovars in Animal-Based Foods: a Meta-analysis

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