Detection of Salmonella spp. survival and virulence in poultry feed by targeting the hilA gene

Park, S.H.; Jarquin, R.; Hanning, Irene; Almeida, Giselle; Ricke, Steven C.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.2011.05054.x

Cited by 22 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The second virulence gene evaluated in this study, hilA, regulates the expression of invasion genes in response to environmental stimuli including osmolarity, oxygen levels, and pH (Durant et al, 2000;Fluit, 2005;Chuanchuen et al, 2010;Park et al, 2011;Gonzalez-Gil et al, 2012). In the present study, there was an overall negative correlation between survival and upregulation of these 2 genes indicating that perhaps efforts for virulence were shifted away from these genes and instead focused on upregulation of stress responses (Gonzalez-Gil et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Survival of Salmonella enterica in poultry feed is strain dependent

et al. 2014

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Feed components have low water activity, making bacterial survival difficult. The mechanisms of Salmonella survival in feed and subsequent colonization of poultry are unknown. The purpose of this research was to compare the ability of Salmonella serovars and strains to survive in broiler feed and to evaluate molecular mechanisms associated with survival and colonization by measuring the expression of genes associated with colonization (hilA, invA) and survival via fatty acid synthesis (cfa, fabA, fabB, fabD). Feed was inoculated with 1 of 15 strains of Salmonella enterica consisting of 11 serovars (Typhimurium, Enteriditis, Kentucky, Seftenburg, Heidelberg, Mbandanka, Newport, Bairely, Javiana, Montevideo, and Infantis). To inoculate feed, cultures were suspended in PBS and survival was evaluated by plating samples onto XLT4 agar plates at specific time points (0 h, 4 h, 8 h, 24 h, 4 d, and 7 d). To evaluate gene expression, RNA was extracted from the samples at the specific time points (0, 4, 8, and 24 h) and gene expression measured with real-time PCR. The largest reduction in Salmonella occurred at the first and third sampling time points (4 h and 4 d) with the average reductions being 1.9 and 1.6 log cfu per g, respectively. For the remaining time points (8 h, 24 h, and 7 d), the average reduction was less than 1 log cfu per g (0.6, 0.4, and 0.6, respectively). Most strains upregulated cfa (cyclopropane fatty acid synthesis) within 8 h, which would modify the fluidity of the cell wall to aid in survival. There was a weak negative correlation between survival and virulence gene expression indicating downregulation to focus energy on other gene expression efforts such as survival-related genes. These data indicate the ability of strains to survive over time in poultry feed was strain dependent and that upregulation of cyclopropane fatty acid synthesis and downregulation of virulence genes were associated with a response to desiccation stress.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Survival of Salmonella enterica in poultry feed is strain dependent

et al. 2014

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“…Consequently, interest in more rapid detection methods specifically suitable for poultry feed matrices that can not only detect Salmonella spp. but potentially quantitate population levels have continued to be pursued over a number of years [24,46,105,[122][123][124][125][126][127].…”

Section: Preharvest Contamination Routes: Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in general all of these strains are limited by the availability of fusion constructs that represent the spectrum of possible genetic elements involved in the virulence process. More recently quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays have greatly expanded the ability to assess a wider range of genes in vivo and have been used in several poultry-based studies to determine virulence gene expression [126,139,262].…”

Section: Assessment Of Salmonella Establishment In Poultry Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Molecular Approaches for Understanding Foodborne Salmonella Establishment in Poultry Production

Ricke

2014

Advances in Biology

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Salmonellosis in the United States is one of the most costly foodborne diseases. Given thatSalmonellacan originate from a wide variety of environments, reduction of this organism at all stages of poultry production is critical.Salmonellaspecies can encounter various environmental stress conditions which can dramatically influence their survival and colonization. Current knowledge ofSalmonellaspecies metabolism and physiology in relation to colonization is traditionally based on studies conducted primarily with tissue culture and animal infection models. Consequently, while there is some information about environmental signals that controlSalmonellagrowth and colonization, much still remains unknown. Genetic tools for comprehensive functional genomic analysis ofSalmonellaoffer new opportunities for not only achieving a better understanding ofSalmonellapathogens but also designing more effective intervention strategies. Now the function(s) of each single gene in theSalmonellagenome can be directly assessed and previously unknown genetic factors that are required forSalmonellagrowth and survival in the poultry production cycle can be elucidated. In particular, delineating the host-pathogen relationships involvingSalmonellais becoming very helpful for identifying optimal targeted gene mutagenesis strategies to generate improved vaccine strains. This represents an opportunity for development of novel vaccine approaches for limitingSalmonellaestablishment in early phases of poultry production. In this review, an overview ofSalmonellaissues in poultry, a general description of functional genomic technologies, and their specific application to poultry vaccine developments are discussed.

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“…D'Souza et al (2009) developed a RT-PCR for the rapid detection of Salmonella using invA primers. Park et al (2011) evaluated immunomagnetic beads and a RT-PCR method for the detection of Salmonella inoculated into poultry feed demonstrating that the hilA gene is a candidate for use in RT-PCR. Techathuvanan and D'Souza (2011) optimized a rapid Salmonella detection assay in liquid whole eggs by SYBR® Green based real-time RT-PCR targeting the invA gene as described previously for the detection of www.intechopen.com Salmonella from jalapeno and serrano peppers, and Pork (Miller et al 2010;Techatuvanan et al 2010).…”

Section: Reverse Transcriptase Pcr (Rt-pcr)mentioning

confidence: 99%