Detection of the Emerging Picornavirus Senecavirus A in Pigs, Mice, and Houseflies

Abstract

c Senecavirus A (SVA) is an emerging picornavirus that has been recently associated with an increased number of outbreaks of vesicular disease and neonatal mortality in swine. Many aspects of SVA infection biology and epidemiology remain unknown. Here, we present a diagnostic investigation conducted in swine herds affected by vesicular disease and increased neonatal mortality. Clinical and environmental samples were collected from affected and unaffected herds and were screened for the presence of SVA by real-time reverse transcriptase PCR and virus isolation. Notably, SVA was detected and isolated from vesicular lesions and tissues of affected pigs, environmental samples, mouse feces, and mouse small intestine. SVA nucleic acid was also detected in houseflies collected from affected farms and from a farm with no history of vesicular disease. Detection of SVA in mice and housefly samples and recovery of viable virus from mouse feces and small intestine suggest that these pests may play a role on the epidemiology of SVA. These results provide important information that may allow the development of improved prevention and control strategies for SVA.

Emergence and whole-genome sequence of Senecavirus A in Colombia

“…Routes of SVA transmission between farms are unknown, and various vectors could be a possible source of transmission. While SVA RNA has been identified in flies, SVA has been isolated from mice, indicating various vectors as a possible source of SVA transmission (Joshi, Fernandes et al., ; Joshi, Mohret al., ; Segales, Barcellos, Alfieri, Burrough, & Marthaler, ). The SVA‐infected farm is within 1 kilometre of other swine farms, and other vectors such as contaminated trucks, boots and feed have been linked to the spread of FMDv, which could be contributing to the dissemination of SVA.…”

“…The clinical signs of PIVD (lameness and vesicular lesions in the oral cavity, snout and coronary bands) resemble multiple vesicular diseases (vesicular disease, foot‐and‐mouth disease (FMD), swine vesicular disease, vesicular exanthema of swine and vesicular stomatitis) in swine from the United States (US) (Singh, Corner, Clark, Scherzo, & Fredrickson, ). Recently, the aetiology of SVA as a causative agent of PIVD has been demonstrated in nursery and finisher pigs (Joshi, Fernandes et al., ; Joshi, Mohret al., ; Montiel et al., ). The virus has been previously identified in the United States through viral isolation and RT‐PCR from different specimens until 2007, in which an outbreak of SVA occurred in Canadian pigs being transported to Minnesota (Pasma, Davidson, & Shaw, ).…”

Efficacy of accelerated hydrogen peroxide®disinfectant on foot-and-mouth disease virus, swine vesicular disease virus and Senecavirus A

“…; Joshi et al . ). SVA has also been detected in mice, houseflies and environmental samples at both affected and unaffected premises (Joshi et al .…”

“…SVA has also been detected in mice, houseflies and environmental samples at both affected and unaffected premises (Joshi et al . ). However, much is still unknown about the spread, survival in the environment and disinfection conditions for SVA.…”

Reverse transcriptase droplet digital PCR to identify the emerging vesicular virus Senecavirus A in biological samples

“…Senecavirus A circulation in Brazil has already been characterized based on molecular epidemiology as well as associated to the occurrence of clinical signs in neonatal pigs (Laguardia‐Nascimento et al., ; Leme et al., ). On a global scale, Canada, USA, Colombia, China and Thailand are countries that have already reported this emerging virus related to swine vesicular disease (Canning et al., ; Guo et al., ; Hause, Myers, Duff, & Hesse, ; Joshi et al., ; Pasma et al., ; Qian, Fan, Qian, Chen, & Li, ; Saeng‐chuto, Rodtian, Temeeyasen, Wegner, & Nilubol, ; Sun, Vannucci, Knutson, Corzo, & Marthaler, ; Tousignant et al., ; Wang, Prarat, Hayes, & Zhang, ; Wu et al., ; Zhang et al., ).…”