“…The electronic senses electronically reproduce the responses similar to the five senses presenting in human beings, such as electronic eye (Orlandi et al, 2018), electronic ear, electronic skin (Zhang et al, 2020b), electronic tongue (e-tongue) (Toko,1998) and electronic nose (Mohd Ali et al, 2020). These electronic sensory technologies can be used alone (Gan et al, 2019;Pascual et al, 2018;Nategh et al, 2021) or combined (Orlandi et al, 2019;Banerjee et al, 2019;Xu et al, 2019) to achieve experimental purposes. The e-tongue is a kind of liquid analytical instrument consisting of three parts, including sensor array, signal acquisition system, pattern recognition system (Toko, 1998), and taste sensations of the sensor array can usually be classified into sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and umami.…”