Detection of triazolam in skeletal remains buried for 4 years

Kudo, Kazuhiko; Sugie, H.; Syoui, Noriko; Kurihara, Katsuyoshi; Jitsufuchi, Narumi; Imamura, Tohru; Ikeda, Noriaki

doi:10.1007/s004140050086

Cited by 29 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In a third case, triazolam was detected in two BM samples and in one decomposed muscular fragment from two victims found buried, pointing to antemortem administration [67]. These analytical data were in agreement with statements by the suspects, who confessed they had administered triazolam to sedate the victims before burying them alive.…”

Section: Case Reportssupporting

confidence: 81%

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State-of-the-art of bone marrow analysis in forensic toxicology: a review

et al. 2010

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Although blood is the reference medium in the field of forensic toxicology, alternative matrices are required in case of limited, unavailable or unusable blood samples. The present review investigated the suitability of bone marrow (BM) as an alternative matrix to characterize xenobiotic consumption and its influence on the occurrence of death. Basic data on BM physiology are reported in order to highlight the specificities of this matrix and their analytical and toxicokinetic consequences. A review of case reports, animal and human studies involving BM sample analysis focuses on the various parameters of interpretation of toxicological results: analytic limits, sampling location, pharmacokinetics, blood/BM concentration correlation, stability and postmortem redistribution. Tables summarizing the analytical conditions and quantification of 45 compounds from BM samples provide a useful tool for toxicologists. A specific section devoted to ethanol shows that, despite successful quantification, interpretation is highly dependent on postmortem interval. In conclusion, BM is an interesting alternative matrix, and further experimental data and validated assays are required to confirm its great potential relevance in forensic toxicology.

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Section: Case Reportssupporting

confidence: 81%

“…In at least six case reports [55,57,[65][66][67][68], toxicological findings were restricted to skeletal tissue analysis. They concerned corpses discovered in skeleton state, 7 months to 5 years after their disappearance.…”

Section: Case Reportsmentioning

confidence: 99%

State-of-the-art of bone marrow analysis in forensic toxicology: a review

et al. 2010

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“…www Moreover, it is encased in bone thus protecting it from possible contamination [9] or degradation. Several drugs including amitriptyline [8], metamphetamine and amphetamine [10], triazolam [11] and bromisovalum [12] have been detected and quantified in human bone marrow. Two conditions are required to ensure a diagnosis of fatal drug intoxication on bone marrow samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphine and 6-acetylmorphine concentrations in blood, brain, spinal cord, bone marrow and bone after lethal acute or chronic diacetylmorphine administration to mice

Guillot

Mazancourt

Durigon

et al. 2007

Forensic Science International

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“…Midazolam and subnanogram concentrations of triazolam have been reported in bone marrow from individual cases or laboratory studies. 10,11 In the current study, diazepam was the most commonly detected benzodiazepine, and all bone specimens were positive for parent and metabolite. Benzodiazepines, antidepressants, and antipsychotics were reported in a study of 36 cases by McIntyre et al 3 These investigators also reported diazepam as the most common finding.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

Detection of Drugs of Forensic Importance in Postmortem Bone

McGrath¹,

Jenkins²

2009

American Journal of Forensic Medicine &Amp; Pathology

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There is a paucity of literature detailing the disposition of drugs in bone and bone marrow. Infrequently, in deaths involving skeletonized remains, fragmentation, decomposition, and exsanguination, traditional specimens may be unavailable for toxicological testing. This study examined the utility of bone for the detection of benzodiazepines, opiates, cocaine and metabolites, and basic drugs in 39 cases. Cases were identified on the basis of a positive blood result. After specimen preparation, samples were assayed by liquid-liquid or solid phase extraction with gas chromatographic and gas chromatographic mass spectrometric detection. The majority of decedents were white males with 28% of individuals between the ages of 41 to 50 years. The cause of death was drug intoxication in 22 cases. The most prevalent drugs detected in the blood males and females were opiates and bases. Morphine, codeine, and oxycodone were detected in bone, whereas 6-acetylmorphine and hydrocodone were absent. For alkaline extractable drugs, in only 57% of blood positive specimens, the corresponding bone was also positive. These included antidepressants and antihistamines. Diazepam and nordiazepam were detected in the bone of all blood positive cases. Bone concentrations were higher than blood levels. Benzoylecgonine was the most common cocaine analyte detected in bone. These data demonstrated that drugs may be detected in bone using current technologies and that in general concentrations were higher than those observed in corresponding blood specimens. A negative result in bone, however, should be interpreted with caution because multiple factors determine the deposition of a drug in this matrix.

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Detection of triazolam in skeletal remains buried for 4 years

Cited by 29 publications

References 12 publications

State-of-the-art of bone marrow analysis in forensic toxicology: a review

State-of-the-art of bone marrow analysis in forensic toxicology: a review

Morphine and 6-acetylmorphine concentrations in blood, brain, spinal cord, bone marrow and bone after lethal acute or chronic diacetylmorphine administration to mice

Detection of Drugs of Forensic Importance in Postmortem Bone

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