Detection of tuberculosis (TB) using gold standard method, direct sputum smears microscopy, PCR, qPCR and electrochemical DNA sensor: A mini review

Che-Engku-Chik, Che Engku Noramalina; Yusof, Nor Azah; Abdullah, Jaafar; Othman, Siti Sarah; Said, Mohd Hazani Mat; Wasoh, Helmi

doi:10.54987/jobimb.v4i2.305

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…The prompt diagnosis of PTB is vital for providing timely and accurate treatment, as a delay in treatment can lead to poor outcomes [ 17 ]. Biological methods are the gold standard for TB diagnosis, but culture or smear analysis takes time [ 30 ]. CXR are immediately available but cannot be used as a standalone tool for diagnosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introducing a secondary segmentation to construct a radiomics model for pulmonary tuberculosis cavities

du Plessis,

Ramkilawon,

Rae

et al. 2023

Radiol med

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Purpose Accurate segmentation (separating diseased portions of the lung from normal appearing lung) is a challenge in radiomic studies of non-neoplastic diseases, such as pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). In this study, we developed a segmentation method, applicable to chest X-rays (CXR), that can eliminate the need for precise disease delineation, and that is effective for constructing radiomic models for automatic PTB cavity classification. Methods This retrospective study used a dataset of 266 posteroanterior CXR of patients diagnosed with laboratory confirmed PTB. The lungs were segmented using a U-net-based in-house automatic segmentation model. A secondary segmentation was developed using a sliding window, superimposed on the primary lung segmentation. Pyradiomics was used for feature extraction from every window which increased the dimensionality of the data, but this allowed us to accurately capture the spread of the features across the lung. Two separate measures (standard-deviation and variance) were used to consolidate the features. Pearson’s correlation analysis (with a 0.8 cut-off value) was then applied for dimensionality reduction followed by the construction of Random Forest radiomic models. Results Two almost identical radiomic signatures consisting of 10 texture features each (9 were the same plus 1 other feature) were identified using the two separate consolidation measures. Two well performing random forest models were constructed from these signatures. The standard-deviation model (AUC = 0.9444 (95% CI, 0.8762; 0.9814)) performed marginally better than the variance model (AUC = 0.9288 (95% CI, 0.9046; 0.9843)). Conclusion The introduction of the secondary sliding window segmentation on CXR could eliminate the need for disease delineation in pulmonary radiomic studies, and it could improve the accuracy of CXR reporting currently regaining prominence as a high-volume screening tool as the developed radiomic models correctly classify cavities from normal CXR.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introducing a secondary segmentation to construct a radiomics model for pulmonary tuberculosis cavities

du Plessis,

Ramkilawon,

Rae

et al. 2023

Radiol med

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“…Laboratory results are considered a ground truth for PTB management to determine responses to treatment [8]. However, in cases where laboratory results are not available, clinical signs and symptoms related to PTB are also a good indicator of treatment response.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Chest X-ray Radiomics for Therapy Response Monitoring in Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Du Plessis,

Rae,

Ramkilawon

et al. 2023

Diagnostics

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Tuberculosis (TB) remains the second leading cause of death globally from a single infectious agent, and there is a critical need to develop improved imaging biomarkers and aid rapid assessments of responses to therapy. We aimed to utilize radiomics, a rapidly developing image analysis tool, to develop a scoring system for this purpose. A chest X-ray radiomics score (RadScore) was developed by implementing a unique segmentation method, followed by feature extraction and parameter map construction. Signature parameter maps that showed a high correlation to lung pathology were consolidated into four frequency bins to obtain the RadScore. A clinical score (TBscore) and a radiological score (RLscore) were also developed based on existing scoring algorithms. The correlation between the change in the three scores, calculated from serial X-rays taken while patients received TB therapy, was evaluated using Spearman’s correlation. Poor correlations were observed between the changes in the TBscore and the RLscore (0.09 (p-value = 0.36)) and the TBscore and the RadScore (0.02 (p-value = 0.86)). The changes in the RLscore and the RadScore had a much stronger correlation of 0.22, which is statistically significant (p-value = 0.02). This shows that the developed RadScore has the potential to be a quantitative monitoring tool for responses to therapy.

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“…The culture method which utilizes Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB) staining, remains the gold standard for diagnosing TB. Several other newer molecular techniques that employ the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assay are also available (18). In low-income countries, sputum smear microscopy remains the most commonly used diagnostic method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High prevalence of Bovine Tuberculosis reported in Cattle and Buffalo of Eastern Nepal

Upadhyaya¹,

Shrestha

Dahal

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Livestock farming, specifically of cattle and buffalo, is crucial to Nepal's economy, with more than 66% of the population involved in agriculture and animal husbandry. Animal tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium bovis is a chronic disease that affects these animals and results in economic losses due to reduced milk and meat productivity, fertility and mortality. M. bovis also infects humans, non-human primates, goats and other mammals, and can afflict both cattle and buffalo. Our study is a part of routine surveillance of prevalent diseases, including M. bovis, in cattle and buffalo. We collected blood samples (n=400, 100 samples from each district) from selected eastern districts of Nepal. We used a Rapid Bovine TB Test Kit to test these samples for presence of M. bovis. Of the 400 samples collected, 74 animals (18.75%) tested positive for M. bovis, with the majority of positive samples coming from cattle (n=71, 17.75%) and only three from buffalo (<1%). Among the screened breeds of cattle and buffalo, Holstein Friesian cattle (HF) (n=43, 58%), Jersey-cross cattle (JX) (n=20, 27%), Local buffalo (n=8, 10.8%) and Murra breed buffalo (n=3, 4.1%) were found to carry M. bovis. The majority (50%) of infected animals were between 3-6 years old. Morang (n= 24 positive in cattle; n=1 positive in buffalo) and Jhapa (n= 22 positive in cattle; n=2 positive in buffalo) had the highest prevalence of M. bovis, while all the positive cases in Sunsari (n=19) and Udaypur (n=6) were in cattle. The fact that over 18% of the samples tested positive for M. bovis is of great concern. It is critical to thoroughly test animal products from these livestock prior to human consumption. To prevent and mitigate M. bovis-related infections in Nepal, a more comprehensive screening strategy coupled with more effective animal husbandry practices needs to be adapted.

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Detection of tuberculosis (TB) using gold standard method, direct sputum smears microscopy, PCR, qPCR and electrochemical DNA sensor: A mini review

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Introducing a secondary segmentation to construct a radiomics model for pulmonary tuberculosis cavities

Introducing a secondary segmentation to construct a radiomics model for pulmonary tuberculosis cavities

Quantitative Chest X-ray Radiomics for Therapy Response Monitoring in Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis

High prevalence of Bovine Tuberculosis reported in Cattle and Buffalo of Eastern Nepal

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