“…The procedure of DNA authentication assumes the possibility of detecting partial substitution of the declared type of milk by molecular genetic analysis of unique gene loci (Agrimonti and Marmiroli, 2018;Kalogianni, 2018;Agrimonti et al, 2019). The most common method for species identification in milk and dairy products is PCR followed by electrophoresis and hybridization-fluorescence detection of amplification products (Choopan et al, 2017;Di Domenico et al, 2017;Cosenza et al, 2019;Tsakali et al, 2019;Di Febo et al, 2020;Tsirigoti et al, 2020). Additional authentication approaches based on the length polymorphism of restriction fragments of amplified DNA (PCR-RFLP) have also found their application along with methods of hybridization, sequence, and biosensor analysis of the corresponding nucleotide sequences of mitochondrial and nuclear genes (Abdel-Rahman and Ahmed, 2007;Tillmar et al, 2013;Ripp et al, 2014;Abdelfatah et al, 2015;Beltramo et al, 2017;Kounelli and Kalogianni, Species identification of ruminant milk by genotyping of the κ-casein gene R. R. Vafin, 1 A. G. Galstyan, 2 S. V. Tyulkin, 1 Kh.…”