Detection of urinary tract infections by rapid methods

Abstract

A review of rapid urine screens for detection of bacteriuria and pyuria demonstrates a number of available alternatives to the culture method. Selection of one or more of these systems for routine use is dependent upon the laboratory and the patient population being tested. The laboratory approach to the diagnosis of urinary tract infection should consider the clinical diagnosis of the patient whenever possible. Keeping in mind that quantitative urine cultures alone cannot be used to detect infection in some patient populations unless lower colony counts are considered, a rapid screen may be a more practical approach. It has become accepted that 10(5) CFU/ml can no longer be used as the standard for all patient groups, that pyuria often is important in making the diagnosis of a urinary tract infection, and that most of the rapid screens are more sensitive than the culture method at 10(5) CFU/ml. Presently, no one approach can be recommended for all laboratories and all patient groups. However, each diagnostic laboratory should select one approach which is best for its situation. It is not practical, efficient, or cost effective to define a protocol for each possible clinical condition; however, all should be considered when developing a protocol. This protocol should be compatible with the patient population and communicated to the physicians. Use of a rapid screen should be beneficial to the patient, the physician, and the laboratory.

Efficacy of a Broad Host Range Lytic Bacteriophage Against E. coli Adhered to Urothelium

“…Two multiplicities of infection were selected for all further experiments: 0.1 and 1, respectively and the infection period selected was 2 h. Furthermore, two different E. coli concentrations which resulted in approximately 105 CFUml -1 of adhered cells after 60 min were also selected for the adhesion and phage infection studies, 106 and 107 CFUml -1 , respectively (data not shown). It is important to have this concentration of adhered cells since typically a urinary tract infection is characterized by a positive uroculture of more than 105 CFUml -1 [11,12]. The reduction percentages of bacterial cells adhered to urothelium (A columns in Figs.…”

Prevalence and antibiogram profile of uropathogens isolated from hospital and community patients with urinary tract infections in Dhaka City

“…All individuals may be susceptible to UTIs; however, the prevalence of infection differs with age, sex and certain predisposing factors (Griebling 2001). The incidence of infection is greater in females than in males with two exceptions, infants and the catheter related infections (Kunin 1987, Pezzlo 1988. Women tend to get UTIs more often because their urethra is shorter and closer to the anus than men and hence the pathogenic bacteria get quick access to the bladder.…”

Optical detection of asymmetric bacteria utilizing electro orientation

“…Current bacteria detection methods include urine cultures [9] and biosensor techniques that detect antigen-antibody, enzyme-substrate, or receptor-ligand complexes by measuring fluorescent light, surface reflection, and electrical properties [10][11][12][13]. These methods can be time and labor consuming (12-24 hours for urine culture), expensive, or complex to operate.…”