Detection of Wild- and Vaccine-type Avian Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus in Clinical Samples and Feather Shafts of Commercial Chickens

Davidson, Irit; Nagar, Sagit; Ribshtein, Israel; Shkoda, I.; Perk, Shimon; Garcı́a, Maricarmen

doi:10.1637/9026.1

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…The analyzed samples were collected from adult chickens that had received two doses of live vaccines before the onset of egg production. The short virus replication period of vaccine viruses demonstrated previously by Davidson et al (2009) may explain the low number of ILTV detections in the Bastos region. These authors also reported a lower rate of detection for vaccine viruses than for field isolates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Persistence and spreading of field and vaccine strains of infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) in vaccinated and unvaccinated geographic regions, in Brazil

Chacón

Núñez

Vejarano

et al. 2015

Trop Anim Health Prod

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Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) is a highly infectious respiratory disease that causes morbidity and mortality in commercial chickens. Despite the use of attenuated vaccines, ILT outbreaks have been described in broiler and long-lived birds. Molecular approaches, including polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and DNA sequencing, are used to characterize ILT viruses (ILTVs) detected in vaccinated and unvaccinated geographical regions. As part of an ILT control program implemented in a region of commercial layer production, samples of conjunctiva, trachea, and trigeminal ganglia were collected from chickens in a vaccinated and quarantined region over a period of 8 years after initiation of vaccination. To determine the origin of new ILT outbreaks in unvaccinated regions, samples collected from ill chickens were also analyzed. Chicken embryo origin (CEO) vaccine viruses and the Bastos field strain were detected circulating in healthy chickens in the vaccinated region. CEO strains and field viruses molecularly related to the Bastos strain were also detected outside of the quarantined region in chickens showing clinical signs of ILT. This study reveals the persistence and circulation of a wild field strain, despite the intensive use of tissue culture origin (TCO) and CEO vaccines in a quarantined region. Spreading of CEO viruses to unvaccinated regions and the capacity of this virus to establish latent infections and cause severe outbreaks were also observed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Persistence and spreading of field and vaccine strains of infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) in vaccinated and unvaccinated geographic regions, in Brazil

Chacón

Núñez

Vejarano

et al. 2015

Trop Anim Health Prod

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“…The Marek's disease virus was the first and most rigorously studied regarding its presence in feathers (reviewed in Davidson, 2009;Couteaudier & Denesvre, 2014). The value of additional avian viruses has been also demonstrated, for the circoviruses chicken anaemia virus (Davidson et al, 2008) and Beak and Feather Disease virus (Davidson, 2009), the ILTV (Davidson et al, 2009;Davidson et al, 2016), high-pathogenic influenza viruses in experimentally infected chickens and ducks (Yamamoto et al, 2008;Nuradji et al, 2015), Newcastle disease virus (Roy et al, 1998;Lee et al, 2016) and the flavivirus West Nile virus (Docherty et al, 2004;Shirafuji et al, 2008). The present study complements the recently reported presence of the same virus BAGV in the feathers of partridges (Liorente et al, 2015), and is the first to demonstrate that turkey feathers are useful for diagnosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of duplex dual-gene and DIVA real-time RT-PCR assays and use of feathers as a non-invasive sampling method for diagnosis ofTurkey Meningoencephalitis Virus

Davidson¹,

Raibstein²,

Altory-Natour³

et al. 2017

Avian Pathology

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The avian flavivirus Turkey Meningoencephalitis Virus (TMEV) causes a neuroparalytic disease of commercial turkeys, expressed in paresis, incoordination, drooping wings and mortality that is controlled by vaccination. The molecular diagnosis using brain tissue RNA has now been upgraded by the development of a diagnostic dual-gene multiplex real-time PCR targeting the envelope and the non-structural NS5 gene, increasing the sensitivity by 10-100-fold compared to the previously existing assays. Based on the recent complete sequences of five TMEV isolates we have now developed a Differentiating Infected from Vaccinated Animals (DIVA) assay, to distinguish between wild-type TMEV strains and the vaccine virus. The DIVA assay was evaluated on commercial vaccines produced by two manufacturers, on RNA purified from brains of experimentally infected turkeys with TMEV strains, and on clinical samples collected between the years 2009 and 2015. We also investigated turkey feather pulps for their suitability to serve for TMEV detection, to avoid invasive sampling and bird killing. The parallel TMEV diagnosis in brain and feather-pulp RNA were similarly useful for diagnosis, at least in experimentally infected turkeys and in three cases of disease encountered in commercial flocks.

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“…CAV detection in the feather tips was firstly reported in experimental infection trials (Davidson et al, 2008a,b), and then applied for diagnosis (Davidson et al, 2013). The ILTV viremia could also be demonstrated in the feather shafts of commercial ILTV-infected chickens (Davidson et al, 2009c;Davidson et al, 2016). TMEV was the first turkey virus that could be detected in the turkey feather shafts (Davidson et al, 2017b) The correlation between sampling feathers or pooled visceral organs for the detection of MDV and for CAV in commercial flocks was analysed.…”

Section: Tissue Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biotic concerns in generating molecular diagnosis matrixes for 4 avian viruses with emphasis on Marek’s disease virus

Davidson¹

2019

Journal of Virological Methods

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A B S T R A C TThe great advance in the field of diagnosis of avian viruses is reflecting the highly sophisticated molecular assays of the human and general virology in providing highly sensitive and fast methods of diagnosis. The present review will discuss the biotic factors and the complexities that became evident with the evolution of the novel molecular diagnostic assays with emphasis on 4 avian viruses, chicken anemia, infectious laryngotracheitis, turkey meningoencephalitis, but mainly on Marek's disease virus.To create a biologically meaningful diagnosis, attention should be dedicated to various biotic factors and not only of the diagnostic assay. Included among the important factors are, (a) the sample examined and the sampling strategy, (b) the outcomes of the pathogen amplification ex vivo, (c) the sampling time and its reflection on the disease diagnosis, (d) the impact of simultaneous multiple virus-infections regarding the ability to demonstrate all pathogens and inter-and intra-interactions between the pathogens. A concerted consideration of the relevant factors and the use of advanced molecular diagnostic assay would yield biologically significant diagnosis in real-time that would beneficiate the poultry industry. Recently Shojaei et al. (2015) and Astill et al. (2018) described novel methodologies developed to detect rapidly avian viruses, such as

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Detection of Wild- and Vaccine-type Avian Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus in Clinical Samples and Feather Shafts of Commercial Chickens

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Persistence and spreading of field and vaccine strains of infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) in vaccinated and unvaccinated geographic regions, in Brazil

Persistence and spreading of field and vaccine strains of infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) in vaccinated and unvaccinated geographic regions, in Brazil

Development of duplex dual-gene and DIVA real-time RT-PCR assays and use of feathers as a non-invasive sampling method for diagnosis ofTurkey Meningoencephalitis Virus

Biotic concerns in generating molecular diagnosis matrixes for 4 avian viruses with emphasis on Marek’s disease virus

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