Detector technologies for comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography

Mühlen, Carin von; Khummueng, Weeraya; Zini, Cláudia Alcaraz; Caramão, Elina Bastos; Marriott, Philip J.

doi:10.1002/jssc.200500443

Cited by 49 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…The most commonly used detection system has been the flame ionization detector (FID), followed by the mass spectrometer. Detailed descriptions of the detectors used in comprehensive GC experiments have been reported in the literature von Mühlen et al, 2006).…”

Section: B Instrumental Parameters: Methods Optimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry: A review

Mondello

Tranchida

Dugo

et al. 2008

Mass Spectrometry Reviews

382

216

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Although comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC Â GC) has been on the scene for more than 15 years, it is still generally considered a relatively novel technique and is yet far from being fully established. The revolutionary aspect of GC Â GC, with respect to classical multidimensional chromatography, is that the entire sample is subjected to two distinct analytical separations. The resulting enhanced separating capacity makes this approach a prime choice when GC analysts are challenged with highly complex mixtures. The combination of a third mass spectrometric dimension to a GC Â GC system generates the most powerful analytical tool today for volatile and semi-volatile analytes. The present review is focused on the rather brief, but not scant, history of comprehensive two-dimensional GC-MS: the first experiments were carried out at the end of the 1990s and, since then, the methodology has been increasingly studied and applied. Almost all GC Â GC-MS applications have been carried out by using either a time-of-flight or quadrupole mass analyzer; significant experiments relative to a variety of research fields, as well as advantages and disadvantages of the MS systems employed, are discussed. The principles, practical and theoretical aspects, and the most significant developments of GC Â GC are also described. #

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Section: B Instrumental Parameters: Methods Optimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry: A review

Mondello

Tranchida

Dugo

et al. 2008

Mass Spectrometry Reviews

382

216

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…A separação na segunda coluna é bastante rápida (3-10 s) permitindo a introdução contínua das pequenas frações provenientes da primeira coluna sem interferências mútuas. [23][24][25][26] O modulador, que pode ser considerado uma das partes principais da GC×GC, é posicionado entre as duas colunas. 23,26 É responsável por um aumento da relação sinal/ruído (S/N) e um decréscimo dos limites de detecção quando comparado com a 1D-GC.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…[23][24][25][26] O modulador, que pode ser considerado uma das partes principais da GC×GC, é posicionado entre as duas colunas. 23,26 É responsável por um aumento da relação sinal/ruído (S/N) e um decréscimo dos limites de detecção quando comparado com a 1D-GC. 26 A técnica 2D proporciona algumas vantagens em relação à 1D.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Uso da cromatografia gasosa bidimensional abrangente (GC×GC) na caracterização de misturas biodiesel/diesel: aplicação ao biodiesel de sebo bovino

Moraes¹,

Zini²,

Gomes³

et al. 2011

Quím. Nova

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. The growth of biodiesel market and the implementation of regulations related to biodiesel production and biodiesel/diesel blending has encouraged the development of appropriate analytical methods to control the composition of this type of mixture. In this study, an evaluation of the potential of GC×GC for the characterization of samples of beef tallow biodiesel and the composition of blends of biodiesel/ diesel is presented. The methodology was applied to beef tallow biodiesel and its mixtures with petrodiesel, ranging from B2 to B50. Results allowed not only the identification and quantification of the biodiesel esters, but also the biodiesel percentage in biodiesel/ diesel blends.Keywords: biodiesel/diesel blends; GCxGC; FAME. INTRODUÇÃOOs recursos energéticos renováveis, em suas mais diversas formas, têm sido bastante estudados e são considerados componentes importantes na busca de uma economia energética sustentável. [1][2][3][4] Dentre estes novos combustíveis, o biodiesel desponta como uma da melhores alternativas ao petrodiesel.5-9 O biodiesel é produzido a partir de óleos vegetais e/ou gorduras animais, ambos puros ou residuais, através da reação de transesterificação ou esterificação catalítica com álcool de baixa massa molecular.10-14 O biodiesel não apresenta em sua composição compostos como enxofre, hidrocarbonetos aromáticos, metais ou resíduos de óleo bruto, porém apresenta propriedades que podem melhorar o perfil de emissões de poluentes. 15,16 Além disso, este biocombustível pode ser usado em motores a diesel convencionais sem necessitar de modificações significativas. 11,12A composição do diesel e de misturas diesel/biodiesel influencia diretamente algumas propriedades como densidade, viscosidade e volatilidade, principalmente quando se trabalha em temperaturas baixas. 11Por norma da ANP (Agência Nacional de Petróleo, Gás e Biocombustíveis), o biodiesel deve ser usado em misturas com o diesel petroquímico (BX), sendo atualmente usada a mistura B5, ou seja, 5% de biodiesel em 95% de diesel. Entretanto, para uso próprio, e baseado em testes já descritos na literatura, podem ser usados teores maiores de biodiesel, sem danos representativos ao motor e sem perda de eficiência. 10,11A Norma ABNT NBR15568 estabelece um método para a determinação do percentual de biodiesel na mistura com diesel usando espectroscopia na região do infravermelho (IR) nas faixas de concentração entre 0,5 e 30%. Entretanto, para a melhor fiscalização destas misturas é necessário um método rápido que permita a total caracterização do biodiesel (identificação e quantificação dos ésteres metílicos) e a quantificação deste na mistura com diesel, além de possibilitar a caracterização de outros adulterantes utilizados.A cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massas com monitoramento seletivo de íons permite a identificação dos ésteres na mistura biodiesel/diesel, porém sua quantificação na mistura fica prejudicada pela coeluição com os hidrocarbonetos do diesel. Já a cromatografia gasosa bidimensional abrangente (GC×G...

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“…GC-based techniques are the most widely applied in BTEX and oxygenate compounds analysis. The complexity of such a matrix has led to the use of comprehensive 2-D GC (GC Â GC) for the analysis of BTEX and heavier compounds in gasoline [10,11] and for oxygenate compounds [12] due to the greater amount of available peak space in a 2-D chromatogram than in a single-axis one and, hence, much greater peak capacities [13]. A combination of LC pre-separation coupled off-line with a PTV-GC Â GC system has been exploited for the analysis of a diesel sample [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multidimensional GC coupled to MS for the simultaneous determination of oxygenate compounds and BTEX in gasoline

Mondello

Tranchida

Ragonese

et al. 2010

J of Separation Science

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In the present work, carried out in relation to the European and American Directives on the quality of petrol and diesel fuels, the simultaneous determination of the oxygenate compounds and BTEX in gasoline was achieved through the use of a multidimensional GC (MDGC)/MS system, employing a Deans switch-based transfer system, with an innovative configuration; the latter enabled multiple heart-cut transfers with no hint of retention time shift, a phenomenon that can occur in MDGC, providing the possibility to achieve more then 20 different heart-cuts for the compounds of interest. In this study, 20 selected compounds were quantitatively transferred with 12 heart-cuts, from a first to a secondary column, in order to resolve primary column co-elutions. Analyte quantification and identification was achieved through a fast-scanning quadrupole mass analyzer, operated in full scan mode, in order to evaluate also the interfering compounds transferred together with the compounds of interest. The multidimensional method developed was subjected to validation. All attained data were in excellent correlation with results obtained through the UNI-EN 12177:2000, ASTM D 5580-02 and ASTM D 4815-04 MDGC methods, for the determination of benzene, BTEX and oxygenate compounds in gasoline, respectively.

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Detector technologies for comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography

Cited by 49 publications

References 61 publications

Comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry: A review

Comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry: A review

Uso da cromatografia gasosa bidimensional abrangente (GC×GC) na caracterização de misturas biodiesel/diesel: aplicação ao biodiesel de sebo bovino

Multidimensional GC coupled to MS for the simultaneous determination of oxygenate compounds and BTEX in gasoline

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