Detergent Performance Evaluation

Harris, Jay C.; Sullivan, Matthew R.; Weeks, Lloyd E.

doi:10.1021/ie50537a048

Cited by 18 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The calculation outlined above is based on the assumption that the (K/S) values are a linear function of the mass of soiling pigment in the test fabric. While this assumption has not been proven for the three carbon black-based soil cloths used in this study, the validity of the assumption has been proven during soil removal for a number of similar soils including graphite, carbon black, and lamp black (3,10,11). It seemed reasonable to assume that the Kubelka-Munk theory should apply for the commercial soil cloths used in these experiments.…”

Section: Experimental Methods and Materialsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…5lost of the TBA tests mentioned involve strongly 1 Presented at the AOCS meeting, Chicago, 1961. acid conditions with some exposure to air. However, Tarladgis et al have shown that acidity, heat, and the presence of peroxides in the fat sometimes can strongly influence the test results because of decomposition of the TBA reagent (10). Therefore, it appeared important to minimize these factors in any attempt to measure accurately the more subtle changes in carbonyls that occur in fats and fat-bearing products when held at moderate temperatures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soil removal as a rate process

Loeb

Sanford

Cochran

1964

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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The rate of soil removal during multiple cycle washing has been studied for three artificially soiled cotton test cloths. Results are considered in relation to a soil removal rate concept proposed stone years ago by Vaughn, Vittone, and Smith. It is shown that the rate of removal for these soils, when washed in the Terg-O-Tometer with a built, anionic, synthetic detergent, does not correspond to a simple first order rate process as proposed by Vaughn et al. Rather, it was found that under a variety of washing situations the percentage soil removal increased linearly with the log of cumulative wash time. Further, it was shown that for those experiments involving detergent concentration or level of mechanical action, the slopes of these log time relationships, which reflect the rate of soil removal, vary in the expected manner.

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Section: Experimental Methods and Materialsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil removal as a rate process

Loeb

Sanford

Cochran

1964

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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“…Bromley and Luder. 4 The diethylenetriamine (dien) was purified by the method of Jonassen, LeBlanc and Rogan.6 Technical grade triethylenetetramine (trien) was purified by recrystallization of the dihydrochloride from ethanol.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Interaction between Metallic Nickel and Ethylenediamine Solutions

Keelen¹,

Anderson²

1955

J. Phys. Chem.

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“…The same conclusion was reached by Strauss [ 58] . ' The graphite content of soiled and washed fabrics was quantitatively estimated by Harris, Sullivan, and Weeks [ 18) by dissolving the fabric away from the graphite, then determining the latter turbi· dimetrically. In the working range, and particularly for higher reflectancea, they found the K / S value for colloidal graphite on cotton to be essentially a linear function of graphite concentration.…”

Section: Sedimexta$4mmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suspending Action by Detergents in the Presence of Substrate

Harris

1959

Textile Research Journal

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E VEN IF a selected cleaning system were comprised of single-component soil, substrate, and detergent solution, and all were essentially pure, the system it. far from &dquo;simple.&dquo; Interactions between substrate and soil, substrate and detergent solution, soil and detergent solution, and of the three phases [36,77] occur, and are difficult to measure. It is understandable why many investigators have attempter measurements in the absence of substrate, but lacking substrate the system is incomplete, and for such a dynamic system as a cleansing operation leaves much to be desired. The present discussion is concerned more with the mechanisms involved in maintaining soil in suspension (preventing deposition or redeposition) in detergent solutions than in soil removal from the substrate.Soil-Detergent Solution Systema Previous discussion of suspending action by detergent solutions has related the ability of detergent systems to prevent the sedimentation of soil particles. Reich [46] ] rightly distinguishes between specific sedimentation (or suspending value), which has relatively little to do with soil redeposition on a substrate; protective action, which prevents particles from adhering to the substrate; and an actual dispersion or redeposition preventive mechanism, operative in dynamic systems where the soil is deflocculated and the particles have lowercd mutual at-' traction. However, it seems certain that even though previous investigators have indirectly utilised the sedimentation technique, this has not been in a specific sense, but as a relative measure of differences in a static (versus a dynamic ) system. Preferential sorption of ions of the suspending agent increases the particle charge or zeta potential, resulting in deflocculation of aggregates of primary particles. This deflocculating effect may be of relatively lesser importance when compared with the mechanical forces involved in the cleaning operation [46], but nevertheless is effective in preventing soil redeposition. '

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Detergent Performance Evaluation

Cited by 18 publications

References 4 publications

Soil removal as a rate process

Soil removal as a rate process

Surface Interaction between Metallic Nickel and Ethylenediamine Solutions

Suspending Action by Detergents in the Presence of Substrate

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