Determinan Konservatisme Akuntansi: Bukti Empiris pada Perusahaan Manufaktur yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia

Abstract

Prinsip konservatisme merupakan salah satu faktor yang paling berpengaruh dalam penilaian akuntansi.Namun, fenomena menunjukkan bahwa banyak perusahaan tidak menerapkan prinsip konservatisme akuntansi. Tujuan utama penelitian ini menguji pengaruh variabel kepemilikan manajerial, investment opportunity set, dan financial distress terhadap praktik konservatisme akuntansi. Penelitian ini menggunakan seluruh perusahaan manufaktur yang sahamnya terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2016 sampai dengan 2019 sebagai populasi. Berdasarkan metode purposive sampling, diperoleh sebanyak 246 observasi. Hipotesis dalam penelitian ini diuji dengan menggunakan regresi linear berganda. Hasilnya membuktikan bahwa kepemilikan manajerial berpengaruh positif terhadap praktik konservatisme akuntansi. Namun, variabel investment opportunity set dan financial distress tidak mempengaruhi praktik konservatisme akuntansi oleh manajemen. Profitabilitas dan leverage memiliki peran sebagai variabel kontrol dengan pengaruh masingmasing negatif dan positif terhadap konservatisme akuntansi.

The Effect of Profitability, Investment Decisions, Funding Decisions and Dividend Policy on Firm Value

“…The results of this study are in line with Dewanti & Handayani (2019) which state that investment decisions have a positive influence on firm value. If the investment decision is chosen correctly, it means that the opportunity for the company to obtain maximum profit in the future will be even greater.…”

“…Where the signal theory states that information released by companies can be in the form of financial information that shows financial performance as measured by profitability ratios (Dewi & Astika, 2019). The results of this study are in accordance with the results of research conducted by Dewanti & Handayani (2019) which states that profitability has a positive influence on firm value. This is because companies with the ability to generate maximum profit mean that the profit that will be given to shareholders in the form of dividends is also high because the amount of dividends paid will be based on the amount of profit that the company gets.…”

“…Firm value can be measured by Price to Book Value (PBV) ratio. PBV is useful in calculating company value obtained by management or corporate organizations from a financial market (Rinnaya, et al, 2016) in (Dewanti & Handayani, 2019). The high PBV in the company, it can be assumed that the company has also high success in creating value for investors and will also have an influence on the value of the company.…”

Accounting Conservatism: The Implementation of Internal and External Governance

“…Conservatism is the concept of applying the precautionary principle to financial reporting, with the goal of preventing excess earnings and underestimating costs and losses. If there is economic uncertainty in accounting for the transaction, total assets and earnings are expected to decrease, but estimated liabilities and expenses increase, and the company may face a crisis [1]; [2]. Principles of accounting conservatism are used to identify bright spots through sophisticated management processes.…”

“…Management may consider whether conservative accounting is appropriate or can be a rule when preparing financial statements. For companies plagued by uncertainty and economic pressure when preparing their financial statements, accounting conservatism is a solution by applying the precautionary principle to those situations [2]. The application of accounting conservatism itself helps prevent falsification of financial reports by management and even companies [4].…”