Determinantes dietéticos del consumo de zinc en menores de cinco años con retardo de crecimiento en comunidades mayas de Guatemala

Abstract

El objetivo del estudio fue identificar elementos del patrón alimentario que influyen en la ingesta y biodisponibilidad de zinc en niños con retardo del crecimiento (RC) entre 1-5 años en comunidades maya de la localidad de Huehuetenango, Guatemala. Estudio descriptivo, transversal aplicado en 138 niños de entre 1-5 años con RC. Se realizó un inventario de disponibilidad alimentaria de fuentes de zinc, se construyó un cuestionario frecuencia de consumo de alimentos, un cuestionario de condiciones de vida, prácticas alimentarias, antropometría, y se recolectó información acerca de enfermedades infecciosas. Hubo disponibilidad de 28 alimentos fuentes de zinc (54% de baja y 7% de alta biodisponibilidad). El consumo de alimentos de alta biodisponibilidad fue bajo y el de alimentos antagonistas, alto. Los niños consumían 3 mg de zinc al día (IC95% 2,65-3,35). Solo el 14,5% alcanzaba los requerimientos de zinc, y el 2,9% alcanzaba la recomendación diaria. La ocurrencia de diarrea e infecciones, en los quince días previos, fue del 29,71 y 45,65%, respectivamente. Concluimos que la mayoría de niños con RC tuvo un bajo consumo de fuentes de zinc, alto consumo de alimentos antagonistas.Palabras clave: Zinc; Deficiencia de zinc; Desnutrición; Insuficiencia de crecimiento; Consumo de alimentos (fuente: DeCS BIREME). DIETETIC DETERMINANTS OF ZINC CONSUMPTION IN STUNTED CHILDREN UNDER FIVE IN MAYA COMMUNITIES FROM GUATEMALA ABSTRACTThe objective of the study was to identify the elements from feeding patterns that influence the intake and bioavailability of zinc in stunted children (SC) 1-5 years from Maya communities living in Huehuetenango, Guatemala. This descriptive, cross-sectional study was performed in 138 stunted children aged 1-5 years. It was applied: an inventory of zinc food sources availability, a Food Frequency Questionnaire, a questionnaire about living conditions. anthropometrics measurements and information on food intake habits, and information about disease prevalence. Twenty-eight food sources of zinc were available for consumption (54% low and 7% high zinc bioavailability). The consumption of foods with high bioavailability was low, while the antagonistic foods were high. On average the daily zinc consumption in diet 3 mg (95% CI: 2.65-3.35). Only 14.5% of the children met the zinc requirements, and 2.9% reached the daily recommendation. Episodes of diarrhea and respiratory infections were observed 15 days before the visit, in 29.71% and 45.6% of children, respectively. Most of children have a diet that does not cover the daily requirement.

Association between aflatoxin-albumin adduct levels and tortilla consumption in Guatemalan adults

“…In a study conducted in the western highlands of Guatemala, tortilla consumption among children was reported to average 5 tortillas per day. Stunting prevalence was 70% and only 60% of mothers carried out adequate nixtamalization practices [36]. Moreover, a recent study in Guatemala reported a negative association between AFB 1 exposure, based on food contamination surveys, and height for age-z scores in children under 5 years of age [37].…”

Dietary and socioeconomic risk factors for fumonisin exposure among women of reproductive age in 18 municipalities in Guatemala from 2013 to 2014

“…Nixtamalization has been found to reduce some forms of fumonisins in the original maize [32]. However, if fumonisin levels are high in maize, the reduction of fumonisins that occurs through nixtamalization may still result in high levels of contamination in the nixtamalized maize [32,33]. Due to the widespread consumption of tortillas, the ability to detect differences in the quality of maize used to produce tortillas may have been confounded.…”