Determinantes sociales de la trayectoria escolar de los universitarios chilenos: El caso de la Universidad Católica del Norte

Abstract

Resumen: Existe una carencia de trabajos sociológicos sobre la Educación Superior Chilena, especialmente de los enmarcados en las teorías de la reproducción social. Este artículo estudia, desde la teoría de Bourdieu, la trayectoria escolar de los estudiantes de la Universidad Católica del Norte (Chile). Se identifican cuatro momentos vitales de dicha trayectoria, I) la elección del tipo de colegio, II) los resultados en la prueba de acceso a la universidad, III) la elección del tipo de carrera y VI) el éxito en dicha carrera, que se analizan mediante árboles de clasificación y regresión, y coeficientes de localización, con información correspondiente al periodo [2002][2003][2004][2005][2006][2007]. Los resultados muestran cómo el sistema escolar transforma el origen social de los estudiantes en atributos individuales, y cómo continúan sus efectos después de ingresar en la universidad.Palabras clave: trayectoria escolar, origen social, reproducción social, elección racional. Social determinants of school career in chilean college students. The case of the Catholic University of the North.Abstract: There is a lack of sociological work on Chilean higher education, especially works framed in theories of social reproduction. This article examines, from Bourdieu's theory, the school careers of students from the Catholic University of the North (Chile). Four vital moments of this trajectory are identified, i) the choice of school, II) the results in the entrance examination to college, III) the choice of career and VI) the success in it. These moments are analyzed using classification and regression trees, and coefficients of localization, with information for the period 2002-2007. The results show how the school system transforms the social origins of students in individual attributes, and how the effect of these attributes persist after entering college.

Social Mobility in Chilean Youth and Their Parents: A Generational Analysis from the Perspective of Social Reproduction

“…This relationship was also to be expected from a reproductive framework, since it assumes that social resources are concentrated in dominant spaces (cities and regions). In line with other studies on Chile, we also observed that women had longer school trajectories (González, Uribe, and González, 2005; Martínez, 2007; Rodrigo and Sánchez, 2013). This is essentially because of a parental strategy that attempts to compensate for the discrimination that females are exposed to in the labor market by making greater academic investments in their daughters and because females perform better at school, which could be an effect of gender socialization (Rodrigo and Sánchez, 2013).…”

“…In 1980 the military dictatorship redesigned the Chilean educational system, until then administered by the state, into a decentralized and competitive system with a free-market logic (voucher-based). This liberalization of education led to the appearance of a large number of subsidized private schools, which gradually gained students from the public schools and in 2006 overtook them (Mayol, 2012; Rodrigo and Sánchez, 2013).…”