Determinants of anemia among pregnant women in northern Ghana

Adokiya, Martin Nyaaba; Aryeetey, Richmond; Yost, Monica; Jones, Andrew D.; Wilson, Mark L.

doi:10.1101/708784

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The prevalence of anaemia at 36 weeks of gestation was higher in younger maternal age, single women, Muslims, rural residents, illiterates and low- or no-income earners. These findings were consistent with results of a study in Volta region [ 2 ], Ashanti region [ 34 ] and Northern region [ 35 ]. According to Ampofo et al ., such socio-demographic characteristics increased the risk of loss to follow-up and subsequent ANC visits, thereby, negatively influencing the adherence level to health interventions applied at the ANC [ 36 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Additionally, the initiation and re-attendance of antenatal clinic depended on successful graduation from certain cultural and religious rites performed by the in-laws of pregnant women. For example, the elderly member of the husband’s family must publicly declare the pregnancy before women can attend ANC [ 35 ]. This might have interrupted the effectiveness of ANC services in reducing the risk of anaemia throughout gestation, especially in illiterates and younger aged women who have had no experience with the use of ITN and IPTp-SP.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intermittent preventive treatment comparing two versus three doses of sulphadoxine pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP) in the prevention of anaemia in pregnancy in Ghana: A cross-sectional study

Agyeman

Newton

Annor³

et al. 2021

PLoS ONE

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In 2012 the World Health Organisation (WHO) revised the policy on Intermittent Preventive Treatment with Sulphadoxine Pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP) to at least three doses for improved protection against malaria parasitaemia and its associated effects such as anaemia during pregnancy. We assessed the different SP dosage regimen available under the new policy to determine the dose at which women obtained optimal protection against anaemia during pregnancy. A cross-sectional study was conducted among pregnant women who attended antenatal clinic at four different health facilities in Ghana. The register at the facilities served as a sampling frame and simple random sampling was used to select all the study respondents; they were enrolled consecutively as they kept reporting to the facility to receive antenatal care to obtain the required sample size. The haemoglobin level was checked using the Cyanmethemoglobin method. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to generate odds ratios, confidence intervals and p-values. The overall prevalence of anaemia among the pregnant women was 62.6%. Pregnant women who had taken 3 or more doses of IPTp-SP had anaemia prevalence of 54.1% compared to 66.6% of those who had taken one or two doses IPTp-SP. In the multivariable logistic model, primary (aOR 0.61; p = 0.03) and tertiary education (aOR 0.40; p = <0.001) decreased the odds of anaemia in pregnancy. Further, pregnant women who were anaemic at the time of enrollment (aOR 3.32; p = <0.001) to the Antenatal Care clinic and had malaria infection at late gestation (aOR 2.36; p = <0.001) had higher odds of anaemia in pregnancy. Anaemia in pregnancy remains high in the Northern region of Ghana. More than half of the pregnant women were anaemic despite the use of IPTp-SP. Maternal formal education reduced the burden of anaemia in pregnancy. The high prevalence of anaemia in pregnancy amid IPTp-SP use in Northern Ghana needs urgent attention to avert negative maternal and neonatal health outcomes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intermittent preventive treatment comparing two versus three doses of sulphadoxine pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP) in the prevention of anaemia in pregnancy in Ghana: A cross-sectional study

Agyeman

Newton

Annor³

et al. 2021

PLoS ONE

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“…Respondents who had not taken deworming medicines in their current pregnancy had three times higher odds of anemia than their counterparts. This is comparable with the evidence from previous studies 41, 51,52 . Further in our study, fewer ANC visits was associated with increased chances of anemia among the study population.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Predictors of Anemia Among Pregnant Women of Under-privileged Ethnic Groups Attending Antenatal Care at Provincial Level Hospital of Province 2, Nepal

Yadav¹,

Ghimire²,

Amatya³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: This study aims to determine the predictors of anemia among pregnant women of underprivileged ethnic groups attending antenatal care at provincial level hospital of Province 2.Methods: A hospital based cross-sectional study was carried out in Janakpur Provincial Hospital of Province 2, Southern Nepal. 287 pregnant women from underprivileged ethnic groups attending antenatal care were selected and interviewed. Face to face interviews using structured questionnaire was undertaken. Anemia status was assessed based on hemoglobin levels determined at the hospital’s laboratory. Bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were used to identify the predictors of anemia. Analyses were performed using IBM SPSS version 23 software.Results: The overall anemia prevalence in the study population was 66.9% (95% CI 61.1-72.3). The women from most under-privileged ethnic groups (Terai Dalit, Terai Janajati and Muslims) were twice more likely to be anemic than Madhesi women. Similarly, women having education lower than secondary level were about 3 times more likely to be anemic compared to those with secondary level or higher education. Women who had not completed four antenatal visits were twice more likely to be anemic than those completing all four visits. The odds of anemia were three times higher among pregnant women who had not taken deworming medication compared to their counterparts. Furthermore, women with inadequate dietary diversity were four times more likely to be anemic compared to women having adequate dietary diversity.Conclusions: The prevalence of anemia is a severe public health problem among the pregnant women of under-privileged ethnic groups in Province 2. Being Dalit, Janajati and Muslim, having lower education, less frequent antenatal visits, not receiving deworming medication and having inadequate dietary diversity are found to be the significant predictors. The present study highlights the need of improving the frequency of antenatal visits and coverage of deworming program in ethnic populations. Furthermore, promoting a dietary diversity at the household level would help lower the prevalence of anemia. The study findings also imply that the nutrition interventions to control anemia must target and reach pregnant women from most-marginalized ethnic groups and those with lower education.

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“…In a cohort study involving 1675 pregnant women, Ghosh et al (65) reported that dietary diversity is positively associated with serum Hb. However, other studies found no such association (66) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Maternal dietary diversity during pregnancy and risk of low birth weight in newborns: a systematic review

Kheirouri

Alizadeh

2021

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: Maternal nutrition during pregnancy is a key factor influencing birth outcome. Dietary diversity is a proxy for multiple macro- and/or micronutrient sufficiency of an individual’s diet. This systematic review aimed to summarize the findings on the association between maternal dietary diversity during pregnancy and the risk of low birth weight (LBW) in newborns. Design: This is a systematic review study. Setting: Google and the PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar databases were searched to extract original studies on humans published until June 2020, without date restrictions. There was no limitation regarding geographic region or economic condition of countries. Duplicated and irrelevant studies were screened out and data were obtained through critical analysis. Participants: Articles that examined the association between maternal dietary diversity during pregnancy and the risk of LBW in infants were included. Results: Of the 98 studies retrieved, 15 articles were included in the final review. All included articles represent low- and middle-income countries. 80% of the studies (n=12) indicated that low maternal dietary diversity during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of LBW infants. Three studies that included a small number of LBW infants and did not take into account factors which may bias study results, failed to show this association. Conclusion: The results suggest that low maternal dietary diversity during pregnancy may be associated with the risk of LBW, more specifically in developing countries. Dietary diversity might be a valuable predictor of maternal nutrition during pregnancy and the chance of giving birth to a LBW infant.

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Determinants of anemia among pregnant women in northern Ghana

Cited by 6 publications

References 26 publications

Intermittent preventive treatment comparing two versus three doses of sulphadoxine pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP) in the prevention of anaemia in pregnancy in Ghana: A cross-sectional study

Intermittent preventive treatment comparing two versus three doses of sulphadoxine pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP) in the prevention of anaemia in pregnancy in Ghana: A cross-sectional study

Predictors of Anemia Among Pregnant Women of Under-privileged Ethnic Groups Attending Antenatal Care at Provincial Level Hospital of Province 2, Nepal

Maternal dietary diversity during pregnancy and risk of low birth weight in newborns: a systematic review

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