Determinants of Attendance in the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League: Role of Winning, Scoring, and Fighting

Abstract

Attendance, Sports, Hockey, Demand, Violence,

Estimating Consumer Spending on Tickets, Merchandise, and Food and Beverage: A Case Study of a NHL Team

“…Results revealed that weekend games, special promotions, division opponents, and night games (after 5:00 p.m. local time) significantly influenced ticket sales for this particular team. Our results confirmed previous research in the NHL and other sport leagues who found that weekend games increased attendance (Cebula et al, 2009;DeSchriver, 2007;Jones et al, 1993, Leeds & Sakata, 2012Lemke et al;Paul, 2003;Paul & Weinbach, 2011). Based on Equation 5 predictions, weekend games would have the greatest positive influence on ticket sales with an estimated 2,993 more tickets sold compared with weekday games.…”

“…This study also analyzed economic models based on spending alone so took a predominantly sports economics perspective in the analysis. While this is an appropriate method for sports economic studies (e.g., Lemke et al, 2010;Paul, 2003, Paul & Weinbach, 2011, Welki & Zlatoper, 1999 other sport fan studies have used behaviorist models to examine fan preferences, attitudes, and sociodemographic variables that might influence sport consumption (e.g., Kwon & Armstrong, 2002;Kwon & Trail, 2003;Zhang, 1998). As such, this study is limited to making conclusions about spending and cannot be extrapolated to fan specific behaviors such as preferences, attitudes, and motivations.…”

“…A dummy variable of 1 indicated the game was played on the weekend, which was classified as a Friday, Saturday, or Sunday game DeSchriver, 2007;Rascher et al, 2007). Based on previous literature (DeSchriver, 2007;Jones et al, 1993, Paul, 2003Paul & Weinbach, 2011), a positive relationship was expected between weekend games and ticket sales. Based on Jacobe and Jones (2009), a positive significant relationship was also expected between weekend games and merchandise per cap sales.…”

“…Similar to Paul and Weinbach (2011), dummy variables were used for months of the year of the season in an attempt to capture consumer spending trends on tickets, merchandise, and food and beverage as they may change throughout the season. October was the omitted dummy variable for the months of the season.…”

Attendance in the Canadian Hockey League: The Impact of Winning, Fighting, Uncertainty of Outcome, and Weather on Junior Hockey Attendance

“…Physical play (using penalty minutes as a proxy) was not found to significantly impact attendance in the SM-Liiga in Finland . Fighting was not shown to have a statistically significant impact on attendance in junior hockey in the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League (Paul and Weinbach 2011).…”