“…The developed Arabic learning media proves that all knowledge transfer performance is influenced by the right and left brains (Hustad et al, 2021). However, the development of Arabic language media is instrumental and always leads to one direction of learning, and is dominant to the use of the left brain (Pereira Soares et al, 2021).…”
Education in the era of transformation affects the development of science and technology since teachers are directed to be innovative in language teaching. This study aimed to develop Arabic language media based on brain-based learning for SMK (Vocational High School) Muhammadiyah 3 Yogyakarta during the Covid-19 period. This study employed Research and Development (R and D)method with the development model proposed by Borg and Gall. The research subjects consisted of ten students and three teachers. Research data were collected through interviews, observation, and documentation techniques. The researchers implemented the data analysis technique by Miles and Huberman. Furthermore, the researchers ensure the data validity by triangulation. The analysis indicated that the Arabic language media was feasible to be used. The validity had been tested by two material experts and two media experts. Material expert 1 gave an average score of 4.27, and material expert 2 gave an average score of 4.81, both within the high category. On the other hand, media expert 1 gave an average score of 4.42, and media expert 2 gave an average score of 3.71, both within the high category. Also, the product had been tested on ten students during the small-scale trial and the large-scale trial. According to material experts' validation, the weakness of the product was related to the title of the material and the duration. Therefore, the developed media could increase mufrodat mastery in the industrial 4.0 era.
“…The developed Arabic learning media proves that all knowledge transfer performance is influenced by the right and left brains (Hustad et al, 2021). However, the development of Arabic language media is instrumental and always leads to one direction of learning, and is dominant to the use of the left brain (Pereira Soares et al, 2021).…”
Education in the era of transformation affects the development of science and technology since teachers are directed to be innovative in language teaching. This study aimed to develop Arabic language media based on brain-based learning for SMK (Vocational High School) Muhammadiyah 3 Yogyakarta during the Covid-19 period. This study employed Research and Development (R and D)method with the development model proposed by Borg and Gall. The research subjects consisted of ten students and three teachers. Research data were collected through interviews, observation, and documentation techniques. The researchers implemented the data analysis technique by Miles and Huberman. Furthermore, the researchers ensure the data validity by triangulation. The analysis indicated that the Arabic language media was feasible to be used. The validity had been tested by two material experts and two media experts. Material expert 1 gave an average score of 4.27, and material expert 2 gave an average score of 4.81, both within the high category. On the other hand, media expert 1 gave an average score of 4.42, and media expert 2 gave an average score of 3.71, both within the high category. Also, the product had been tested on ten students during the small-scale trial and the large-scale trial. According to material experts' validation, the weakness of the product was related to the title of the material and the duration. Therefore, the developed media could increase mufrodat mastery in the industrial 4.0 era.
“…Comparing rs-EEG data, they found that bilinguals exhibited higher alpha power and coherence in the alpha and beta frequency ranges over monolinguals, positively correlating with language background measures. Similarly, Pereira Soares et al ( 2021 ) correlated rs-EEG with bilingual experience measures to investigate if and how determinants of bilingualism reshape the mind/brain. The findings revealed modulatory effects of age of second language acquisition on high beta and gamma power, whereas higher degree of use of the second language at home and in society contexts correlated with functional connectivity (mean coherence) in theta, alpha and gamma frequencies.…”
The present study uses EEG time-frequency representations (TFRs) with a Flanker task to investigate if and how individual differences in bilingual language experience modulate neurocognitive outcomes (oscillatory dynamics) in two bilingual group types: late bilinguals (L2 learners) and early bilinguals (heritage speakers—HSs). TFRs were computed for both incongruent and congruent trials. The difference between the two (Flanker effect vis-à-vis cognitive interference) was then (1) compared between the HSs and the L2 learners, (2) modeled as a function of individual differences with bilingual experience within each group separately and (3) probed for its potential (a)symmetry between brain and behavioral data. We found no differences at the behavioral and neural levels for the between-groups comparisons. However, oscillatory dynamics (mainly theta increase and alpha suppression) of inhibition and cognitive control were found to be modulated by individual differences in bilingual language experience, albeit distinctly within each bilingual group. While the results indicate adaptations toward differential brain recruitment in line with bilingual language experience variation overall, this does not manifest uniformly. Rather, earlier versus later onset to bilingualism—the bilingual type—seems to constitute an independent qualifier to how individual differences play out.
“…This, however, was not the case in this example (see grey cells). 2020; Kliesch, Giroud & Meyer, 2020;Pereira Soares, Kubota, Rossi & Rothman, 2021;Prat, Yamasaki, Kluender & Stocco, 2016;Prat, Yamasaki & Peterson, 2019;Prat, Madhyastha, Mottarella & Kuo, 2020).…”
Section: Brain Oscillatory Measures: An Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Coherence was computed by grouping electrodes into five regions of interest (MF = Medial Frontal, LFT = Left Fronto-Temporal, RFT = Right Fronto-Temporal, LP = Left Parietal, RP = Right Parietal). Adapted from Pereira Soares et al (2021). (B) Hypothetical mean phase coherence matrix of Figure 2A.…”
Section: Brain Oscillatory Measures: An Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, it does shift with age in larger time-spans, accompanying general brain development from infancy through cognitive aging (Anderson & Perone, 2018; Boersma, Smit, de Bie, Van Baal, Boomsma, de Geus, Delemarre-van de Waal & Stam, 2011). Rs-EEG measures have been related to various (neurocognitive) states and processes, such as (i) cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment (Cassani, Estarellas, San-Martin, Fraga & Falk, 2018; Meghdadi, Stevanović Karić, McConnell, Rupp, Richard, Hamilton, Salat & Berka, 2021; Stam, 2005), (ii) abnormalities in autism disorders (Murias, Webb, Greenson & Dawson, 2007; Heunis, Aldrich, Peters, Jeste, Sahin, Scheffer & De Vries, 2018; Wang Li, Li, Li, Han & Wan, 2013), (iii) schizophrenia (Kam, Bolbecker, O'Donnell, Hetrick & Brenner, 2013; Sponheim, Clementz, Iacono & Beiser, 2000), (iv) memory consolidation (Brokaw, Tishler, Manceor, Hamilton, Gaulden, Parr & Wamsley, 2016; Jabès, Klencklen, Ruggeri, Michel, Lavenex & Lavenex, 2021), and, critically for our discussion herein, (v) (multilingual) language learning, processing and use (Bice, Yamasaki & Prat, 2020; Kliesch, Giroud & Meyer, 2020; Pereira Soares, Kubota, Rossi & Rothman, 2021; Prat, Yamasaki, Kluender & Stocco, 2016; Prat, Yamasaki & Peterson, 2019; Prat, Madhyastha, Mottarella & Kuo, 2020). …”
Section: Brain Oscillatory Measures: An Introductionmentioning
The study of the brains’ oscillatory activity has been a standard technique to gain insights into human neurocognition for a relatively long time. However, as a complementary analysis to ERPs, only very recently has it been utilized to study bilingualism and its neural underpinnings. Here, we provide a theoretical and methodological starter for scientists in the (psycho)linguistics and neurocognition of bilingualism field(s) to understand the bases and applications of this analytical tool. Towards this goal, we provide a description of the characteristics of the human neural (and its oscillatory) signal, followed by an in-depth description of various types of EEG oscillatory analyses, supplemented by figures and relevant examples. We then utilize the scant, yet emergent, literature on neural oscillations and bilingualism to highlight the potential of how analyzing neural oscillations can advance our understanding of the (psycho)linguistic and neurocognitive understanding of bilingualism.
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