Determinants of Blood Pressure Response to Low‐Salt Intake in a Healthy Adult Population

Montasser, May E.; Douglas, Julie A.; Roy-Gagnon, Marie-Hélène; Hout, Cristopher V. Van; Weir, Matthew R.; Vogel, Robert A.; Parsa, Afshin; Steinle, Nanette I.; Snitker, Søren; Brereton, Nga; Chang, Yen-Pei C.; Shuldiner, Alan R.; Mitchell, Braxton D.

doi:10.1111/j.1751-7176.2011.00523.x

Cited by 22 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…It is recognized that a high sodium diet is deleterious and a low sodium diet has been advocated as part of a healthy life style and treatment of hypertension (2, 12). However, low sodium diet can actually increase blood pressure, i.e., inverse salt sensitivity (13–15), with other adverse consequences (16–18). The mechanisms leading to such adverse consequences and their relationship to “salt-resistant” and “salt-sensitive” genes are not known.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbiota in hypertension

José

Raj²

2015

Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension

167

109

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Purpose of review Hypertension, which is present in about one quarter of the world’s population, is responsible for about 41% of the number one cause of death, cardiovascular disease. Not included in these statistics is the effect of sodium intake on blood pressure, even though an increase or a marked decrease in sodium intake can increase blood pressure. This review deals with the interaction of gut microbiota and the kidney with genetics and epigenetics in the regulation of blood pressure and salt sensitivity. Recent findings The abundance of the gut microbes, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, is associated with increased blood pressure in several models of hypertension, including the spontaneously hypertensive and Dahl salt-sensitive rats. Decreasing gut microbiota by antibiotics can increase or decrease blood pressure that is influenced by genotype. The biological function of probiotics may also be a consequence of epigenetic modification, related, in part, to microRNA. Products of the fermentation of nutrients by gut microbiota can influence blood pressure by regulating expenditure of energy, intestinal metabolism of catecholamines, and gastrointestinal and renal ion transport, and thus, salt sensitivity. Summary The beneficial or deleterious effects of gut microbiota on blood pressure is a consequence of several variables, including genetics, epigenetics, lifestyle, and intake of antibiotics. These variables may influence the ultimate level of blood pressure and control of hypertension.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbiota in hypertension

José

Raj²

2015

Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension

167

109

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“…The compliance data have been reported in detail previously [17]. In brief, while not a direct measure of carotenoid intake, the excreted sodium, potassium, and creatinine levels reflecting the varying salt content in the different diets suggest that compliance with the controlled diet in this study was excellent.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 54%

The <b><i>CAPN2/CAPN8</i></b> Locus on Chromosome 1q Is Associated with Variation in Serum Alpha-Carotene Concentrations

et al. 2016

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Background/Aims: Alpha-carotene is a provitamin A carotenoid present in fruits and vegetables. Higher serum concentrations of α-carotene have been associated with lower risk of cancer and all-cause mortality. Previous studies have suggested that genetic variants influence serum concentrations of provitamin A carotenoids, but to date no variants have been robustly associated with serum α-carotene concentrations. The aim of this study was to identify genetic associations with serum α-carotene concentrations using the genome-wide association study (GWAS) approach. Methods: A GWAS of serum α-carotene concentrations was conducted in 433 Old Order Amish adults who had consumed a 6-day controlled diet. Linear regression models adjusting for age, gender, and family structure were utilized to evaluate associations between genetic variants and serum α-carotene concentrations. Results: Genome-wide significant associations with α-carotene concentrations were observed for loci on chromosome 1q41 between the genes CAPN2 and CAPN8 (rs12137025, p = 3.55 × 10^-8), chromosome 2p21 in PRKCE (rs2594495, p = 1.01 × 10^-8), and chromosome 4q34 (rs17830069, p = 2.89 × 10^-8). Conclusions: We identified 3 novel loci associated with serum α-carotene concentrations among a population that consumed a controlled diet. While replication is necessary, the CAPN2/CAPN8 locus provides compelling evidence for an association with serum α-carotene concentrations and may suggest a relationship with the development and progression of cancers.

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“…Among individuals of similar age and BP level, the pressor response to high sodium intakes varies greatly. Reduction in sodium intake may be particularly effective in lowering BP in individuals who are older, obese, African-Americans, possibly in females, and who have CKD, higher SBPs or a greater SBP response to the cold pressor test [88,94]. Sodium chloride sensitivity can be diagnosed by a reduction in BP associated with low sodium chloride intake and/or an increase in BP with sodium chloride loading.…”

Section: Sodium Chloridementioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrition and Blood Pressure

Kopple

2013

Nutritional Management of Renal Disease

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Determinants of Blood Pressure Response to Low‐Salt Intake in a Healthy Adult Population

Cited by 22 publications

References 34 publications

Gut microbiota in hypertension

Gut microbiota in hypertension

The <b><i>CAPN2/CAPN8</i></b> Locus on Chromosome 1q Is Associated with Variation in Serum Alpha-Carotene Concentrations

Nutrition and Blood Pressure

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