Determinants of Ecofeminism in Anglophone Cameroon: A PESTECH Analysis

Abstract

This paper analyzes ecofeminism operationalized as the relationship between women and the natural environment. It treats ecofeminism as context-dependent and not a universal construct as suggested in the literature. It focuses on the political, economic, social, technological, ecological, cultural and historical (PESTECH) context of ecofeminism in Anglophone Cameroon, a polity with a unique pre-colonial, colonial and post-colonial experience. Each dimension is shown to impact women–nature relations in its own unique way. This underscores the need to be more discerning and attentive to context in any analysis of ecofeminism.

[Retracted] Promotion and Protection of Feminism Creativity for Public Environment: The Integration of Ecofeminism and Public Environment

“…Women should unwaveringly adhere to nature rather than culture. Reproduction, not production, is an absolute necessity for life [16][17][18][19]. Ecofeminism believes that women tend to value relationships and special individuals because of their nature and female experience.…”

Challenges to Indigenous Knowledge Incorporation in Basic Environmental Education in Anglophone Cameroon

“…For the sake of chronological consistency, we transformed the acronym for Njoh's (2020) proposed ESM analytical framework, PESTECH to constitute HESPECT, which spells historical, economic, social, political, ecological, cultural and technological factors that surround a target phenomenon. The framework belongs to the family of ESMs whose roots are traceable to the strengths-weaknesses-opportunities-threats (SWOT) model.…”

“…However, it has recently been the object of fierce criticisms. Critics charge that it is rather too simplistic especially because it contains only four dimensions (Njoh, 2017(Njoh, , 2020. Resulting from the virulent criticisms have been efforts to develop more encompassing models.…”

“…A common thread running through the models is a focus on different combinations of the historical, economic, social, political, ecological, cultural and technological elements circumscribing a target phenomenon. Thus, beyond simply focusing on SWOT, the models now seek to engage these crucial elements, which inevitably affect a target phenomenon's behaviour (Njoh and Ayuk-Etang, 2020). This phenomenon may be an organization, an institution or a technology.…”

“…Both seek to build a foundation for future more in-depth empirically grounded analyses of efforts to incorporate IK in EE in Anglo-Cameroon in particular and non-Western societies writ large. The exploration is guided by elements of the ESM; in particular, a reformulation of Njoh's (2020) PESTECH (political, economic, social, technological, ecological, cultural and historical) analytical framework. The reformulation entails re-arranging the elements of the acronym to read as follows: historical, economic, social, political, economic, cultural, and technological (HESPECT).…”