Determinants of environmental degradation: reflections on the impact of identified economic variables on the environment

Abstract

Purpose. The main objective of this study is to investigate the determinants of environmental degradation within the broader framework of the environmental Kuznets Curve analysis. To better understand the economic impact on the environment, the study focuses on the relationship between carbon emission and the variables income per capita, trade openness, foreign direct investment, energy use and urbanization.Methods. In the context of the dynamic carbon emission model a Generalized-Method-of-Moments (GMM) technique was used to analyse World Bank of 125 countries for the period 2000 to 2014. This era was chosen as the most appropriate given the completeness of the dataset.Findings. The findings indicate that economic growth and energy use are significant variables in explaining environmental degradation, supporting previous research in to the particularly negative impact of energy use on the environment. The research however, found that urbanisation had only marginal significance in explaining the impact on the environment.Originality. The findings contribute to existing research in the area of environmental degradation, providing insight into the debate surrounding urbanisation and CO 2 emission which had previously received mixed results. The findings take research forward through the examination of explanatory variables and their respective impact on CO 2 emission in countries which have observed an increase in the number of urban dwellers. Practical implications.Given the debate in academic and practitioner literature around climate change, pollution and a general concern over a lack of collective action to address environmental concerns, the findings have practical implications for government institutions and businesses to better understand the economic impact on the environment.

Nexus between foreign direct investment and ecological footprint in BRICS and Next-11: the moderating role of green innovation

“…(2021) for and Hao (2022) for China. However, the results contradict the study of Ramayah et al. (2019), Ngong et al.…”

“…The finding is in line with the study of Karasoy and Akçay (2019) for Turkey, Ozcan et al (2020) for OECD, Kongbuamai et al (2020) for Thailand, Wang et al (2021) for and Hao (2022) for China. However, the results contradict the study of Ramayah et al (2019), Ngong et al (2022) and Wang et al (2023).…”

“…A 1% increase in industrialisation is raising the ecological footprint by 0.304%. The results of the positive impact of industrialisation on environmental degradation are aligned with the study of Ramayah et al (2019), Ahmed et al (2022b), Sahoo and Sethi (2022) and Dagar et al (2022). As all countries in the BRICS and Next-11 groups are emerging, they focus more on economic growth by raising industrialisation, indirectly degrading the environmental qualities by raising the ecological footprint.…”

“…Environmental degradation is assumed to take many forms, from ecological resource depletion to water and air pollution. In the past 20 years, global warming, ozone depletion, climate change, haze, water pollution, increasing sea levels and continuous coral reef erosion are just a few environmental challenges that have dominated media headlines worldwide (Ramayah et al, 2019). Environmental degradation negatively impacts not only natural and physical assets but also human health and food security.…”

Assessing the effectiveness of innovative projects implementation in the development of coal deposits by geotechnology of underground gasification

“…A significant attention is paid to the issues of determining the effectiveness of innovative projects [19][20][21], the efficiency of the processes of enhancing innovative activity at enterprises [22][23][24]. In modern economic literature, there are different points of view on the types of effects from innovative activity.…”