Determinants of Plumbun Level in Blood among Elementary School Students in Cinangka, Bogor

Annashr, Nissa Noor; Djaja, I Made; Kusharisupeni,

doi:10.5958/0976-5506.2019.00590.4

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…This opinion is supported by the results of a study [ 35 ] which stated that only severe acute lead poisoning was associated with hemolytic anemia. Another study that is in line with the results of this study is Anashr’s study which did not find a relationship between BLL in elementary school children in Cinangka Village and hemoglobin levels [ 24 ]. One of the factors causing the absence of a relationship between BLL and anemia is the cut-off point for low BLL (10 μg/dL).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…The study found that 47% of children had BLL >5 μg/dL, and 9% had BLL>10 μg/dL [ 23 ]. Other study related to lead conducted on 63 elementary school children in Cinangka Village in 2014 found that 61.2% of children had BLL > 10 μg/dL with an average BLL of 14.70 μg/dL [ 24 ]. These findings are also in line with the statement that BLL varies between countries and ethnicities, depending on location, industrialization, and lead exposure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Blood lead levels and lead toxicity in children aged 1-5 years of Cinangka Village, Bogor Regency

et al. 2022

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Lead is one of ten hazardous chemicals of public health concern and is used in more than 900 occupations, including the battery, smelting, and mining industries. Lead toxicity accounts for 1.5% (900,000) of deaths annually in the world. In Indonesia, reports of high Blood Lead Level (BLL) were associated with residency in Used Lead Acid Battery (ULAB) recycling sites. The present study aims to investigate the BLL and the evidence of lead toxicity of children living in an ULAB recycling site in Bogor Regency, Indonesia. A cross-sectional study involving 128 children aged 1–5 years was conducted in September-October 2019. The socio-economic factors, BLL, nutritional status, and hematological parameters, were evaluated. Data were analyzed by univariate and bivariate using the Chi-Square test. Socio-economic factors revealed only 2.3% children have pica and 10.9% children have hand-to-mouth habits. Majority of parents had low income, education, and have stayed in the village for years. Analysis on BLL revealed that 69.5% children had BLL of >10 μg/dL, 25% had abnormal BMI, 23.4% had underweight, 53.9% had stunting, 33.6% had anemia, and 22.6% had basophilic stippling. The average BLL and hemoglobin levels of respondents were 17.03 μg/dL and 11.48 g/dL, respectively. Bivariate analysis revealed that children with high BLL had double risk of having underweight and protected from stunting. Analysis on the association between BLL and BMI for age revealed a higher risk to have abnormal BMI. The high BLL also had 1.017 times risk of developing anemia, and almost doubled risk of having basophilic stippling, although they were not statistically significant. In conclusion, the high BLL of children living in the ULAB recycling indicates that lead exposure as well as lead toxicity are still occurring in Cinangka Village, and alerts to the need for a systematic action to mitigate the exposure.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood lead levels and lead toxicity in children aged 1-5 years of Cinangka Village, Bogor Regency

et al. 2022

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“…Salah satu contoh tindakan yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah untuk mengurangi peleburan informal adalah kasus Desa Cinangka di Bogor [27]. Desa tersebut memiliki kadar timbel 675 kali di atas ambang batas WHO dan pemerintah Indonesia akhirnya menutup lahan yang tercemar untuk menghentikan dampak dari timbel [28].…”

Section: Baterai Timbel-asamunclassified

Pemilihan Baterai Kendaraan Listrik dengan Metoda Weighted Objective

Brunner¹,

Brunner²

2021

JSE

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Transportation is a sector that contributes significantly to CO2 gas emissions and has the potential to continue to increase along with the addition of fossil fuel vehicles. Indonesia has plans to switch to electric vehicles as an alternative to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the transportation sector. The battery is an important component of an electric vehicle, and there are several alternative technologies that can be used. This paper simulates the selection of a suitable battery from various type of batteries, including Lead-acid (PbA), Nickel Metal Hydride (NiMH) and Lithium-ion (Li-ion). The selection is made using the weighted objective method by presenting 5 criteria: energy density; emissions generated for battery production; energy factor of the manufacturing process; availability of critical raw materials required for cathodes and anodes; and availability of recycling facilities. Supporting data to determine the magnitude of each criterion is obtained from literature reviews. The analysis and comparison was carried out by giving weight to the assessment based on the data obtained. The results of calculations carried out in the paper show that the Lead-acid battery is a viable option for use at current time.However, if Indonesia already has NiMH and Li-ion battery recycling facilities, or is capable of producing Lithium-ion batteries, then the criteria and calculation factors can be added and improved.

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