Determinants of polydipsia: IV. Free-reinforcement schedules

Segal, Evalyn F.; Oden, David L.; Deadwyler, Sam A.

doi:10.3758/bf03342992

Cited by 53 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Staddon (1977) transformed both Falk's and Flory's data to reflect amount of water ingested per unit time and found that this measure increased monotonically with increasing food rates over the entire range investigated in these two studies. Similar results have been reported by other investigators (Hawkins, Schrot, Githens, & Everett, 1972;Segal, Oden, & Deadwyler, 1965). Furthermore, Staddon (1977)reported that the overall rate of wheel running decreases monotonically as food rates are increased from 20 45-mg pellets/h to 12 pellets/min.…”

supporting

confidence: 79%

Functional differentiation of adjunctive drinking and wheel running in rats

Penney

Schull

1977

Animal Learning & Behavior

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Food-deprived rats were exposed to a sehedule in whieh a brief stimulus was presented approximately onee every 60 sec. The first leverpress to oeeur in the presenee of the stimulus always turned it off, and produeed a food pellet 50% of the time. When the rats were given eoneurrent aeeess to water, a running wheel, or both, drinking predominated during intervals initiated by pellet delivery, whilerunning predominated during intervals initiated without food. When allowed to obtain all of their food pellets at the beginning of a session, rats drank less and ran more than when the intermittent sehedule was in effect, and most drinking oceurred within the first half of the session, while running was distributed throughout the session. Adjunetive drinking and wheel running appear to be functionally different, drinking being sehedule-indueed and food-bound, running being neither.In 1971, Falk suggested that the conditions under which a variety of schedule-related activities occur are the same and that these activities might therefore be subsumed in a new dass of adjunctive behavior, whose members "yield similar dynamic properties and are functions of the same variables" (p. 579). Falk urged that his hypothesis be evaluated by observing the extent to which experimental manipulations have similar effects upon the proposed members of the dass. Some such comparisons have been attempted, and the results have generally been interpreted as demonstrating the viability of the proposed dass. However, closer examination of the nature of these comparisons shows such a conclusion to be questionable at best. In this paper, we will show that many "adjunctive" activities yield different dynamics, and argue that these differences are functionally significant.A major source of confusion has been the lack of attention given the problem of the commensurability of various response measures used to assess the "strengths" of different activites. For example, one of the characteristics of adjunctive behavior is supposed to be the existence of an "effective range" of consummatory rates which facilitate adjunctive activities: Measures of schedule-induced polydipsia Veryspecialthanks are due Dr. Allen J. Neuringer, who provided the inspiration and the laboratory space. Colleen Kelly and Deborah Porter helped to conduct the research.

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confidence: 79%

Functional differentiation of adjunctive drinking and wheel running in rats

Penney

Schull

1977

Animal Learning & Behavior

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“…It was not dear in their report, however, whcther drinking had become exdusively operant, as in the final stage of this experiment, or whether it was in some intermediate stage, as in the earlier stages of the present experiment. [Also see Segal, Oden, & Deadwyler (1965a) what may be a large dass of "induceable" behavior patterns. Falk (in press) has likened polydipsia to the displacement behavior studied by ethologists.…”

Section: Polydipsia In a Ratmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transformation of polydipsic drinking into operant drinking: A paradigm?

Segal

1969

Psychon Sci

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Polydipsia in a ratIn the course of an experiment on the relation of bar-press reinforcement schedules to schedule-induced polydipsia, a single rat was noticed to change its pattern of drinking in a direetion somewhat resembling the typieal pattern of operant behavior under the prevailing fixed-interval reinforeement schedule. At that point, aseries of experimental manipulations was undertaken to follow the transformation of polydipsia into operant drinking. This paper describes the manipulations and results. Beeause experimental ehanges oeeurred frequently, the method will be described along with the results.METHOD AND RESULTS The S Was one young adult male hooded rat, maintained at 80% of ad Iib weight by food deprivation, and exposed to a sueeession of food schedules in sessions of variable length, in a Plexiglas ehamber that included a bar, a food eup delivering 45-mg Noyes rat chow pellets, and a water bottle SESS.21: Fl2-FlRST 31 sIICMTTEO with a metal drinking spout extending into the eh amber , attached to a Grason-Stadler drinkometer. The ehamber was not soundor light-insulated, but was housed in a sound-insulated mom, isolated from control and recording apparatus. The roorn was weIl Ht, and a closed-circuit television hook-up permitted continuous observation of the ra t on a viewing screen in the control room.Over the first seven sessions, the rat Was exposed to a schedule of free (noneontingent) 45-mg pellet deliveries spaeed 30 sec apart (total of 30 pellets), then 60 sec (110 pellets), then 90 sec (85 pellets). The mean number of water lieks per pellet, expressed to the nearest whole number, rose gradually from 1 in the first session to 68 in the seventh session, indieating the gradual development of polydipsia.In the eighth session, the rat was shaped by hand to bar press for pellet reinforce· ment, and over the next 15 sessions (Sessions 9-23) was exposed successively to flXed-interval (FI) bar-press reinforeement schedules of 1 min (total of 65 pellets), 1.5 min (200 pellets), 2 min (340 pellets), and 3 min (65 pellets). By Session 21, on FI 2 min, the rat was showing the typical polydipsie drinking pattern (see top tracing, Fig.

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“…Sci., 1969, Vol. 15 (3) 1967; Segal & Bandt, 1966;Segal & Holloway, 1963;Segal,Oden,&Deadwyler, 1965;Stein, 1964). Schedules that provide food deliveries very close together, however, do not usually elicit polydipsia.…”

Section: In Experiments 1 Rats Exhibited Polydipsia On a Concurrent Smentioning

confidence: 99%