Determinants of response latency in neurons of superior colliculus in kittens.

Stein, Barry E.; Lábos, E.; Kruger, Lawrence

doi:10.1152/jn.1973.36.4.680

Cited by 42 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…Thus, damage to the superior colliculus produces anomalies in these behaviors. Since tactile cells are known to be present in the fetal superior colliculus (Stein, Labos, & Kruger, 1973), and motor responses have been evoked by stimulation of the neonatal superior colliculus (Stein, Clamann, & Goldberg, 1980), it appears that the circuitry underlying sensorimotor transduction is already present in the superior colliculus at birth. Equally likely are more caudal structures that also develop prenatally; the critical regions of the central nervous system involved in these behaviors remain to be determined.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of tactile and olfactory cues in neonatal orientation and localization of the nipple

Larson

Stein

1984

Developmental Psychobiology

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A good deal of effort has been directed toward determining the sensory cues employed by neonatal animals in orienting to, and localizing, the nipple. The results of previous studies are contradictory. Some investigators have claimed that olfactory cues are critical, while others suggest that tactile cues are of primary importance in these behaviors. The present studies indicate that, in kittens, there are two essential components of the suckling process: orientation to the mother and localization of the nipple. In these experiments, the ability and time involved in localizing and attaching to the nipple of the anesthetized mother were measured in several conditions. With tactile input impaired, kittens had no difficulty locating the mother, but could not locate the nipple. In contrast, olfactory disruption never impaired nipple localization and attachment when the kitten was in contact with the mother, but interfered with the kitten's ability to locate the mother when removed from her. These data suggest that olfactory cues are employed in locating the mother, and tactile cues from the perioral region are employed in locating the nipple.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of tactile and olfactory cues in neonatal orientation and localization of the nipple

Larson

Stein

1984

Developmental Psychobiology

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“…The computations that describe these relationships and the factors affecting them have also been described using signal detection and Bayesian frameworks 56–58 that can inform future empirical studies. Furthermore, as the processing capabilities of superior colliculus neurons at birth are immature 59,60 , their development can be followed during postnatal life, when many factors affecting their ultimate functional capability can be experimentally manipulated.…”

Section: The Multisensory Superior Colliculus Neuronmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the eyelids do not open until postnatal days 7–11, and visual multisensory neurons (the most common multisensory neuron in this visually dominant structure) do not appear until 3 weeks after birth 59,77 . The response latencies of immature superior colliculus neurons are exceedingly long 59,60 , and the delay in visual responsiveness in the multisensory layers of the superior colliculus is in striking contrast to the appearance of visually responsive neurons elsewhere in the nervous system and even in the overlying superficial layers, in which visual responsiveness begins before the end of the first postnatal week 87,88 . This distinction in the maturation of unisensory versus multisensory responsiveness of superior colliculus neurons underscores the protracted developmental time course of multisensory processes.…”

Section: Development Of Multisensory Integrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of multisensory integration from the perspective of the individual neuron

2014

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The ability to use cues from multiple senses in concert is a fundamental aspect of brain function. It maximizes the brain’s use of the information available to it at any given moment and enhances the physiological salience of external events. Because each sense conveys a unique perspective of the external world, synthesizing information across senses affords computational benefits that cannot otherwise be achieved. Multisensory integration not only has substantial survival value but can also create unique experiences that emerge when signals from different sensory channels are bound together. However, neurons in a newborn’s brain are not capable of multisensory integration, and studies in the midbrain have shown that the development of this process is not predetermined. Rather, its emergence and maturation critically depend on cross-modal experiences that alter the underlying neural circuit in such a way that optimizes multisensory integrative capabilities for the environment in which the animal will function.

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“…These neonatal neurons have large receptive fields (RFs) and weak sensory responses with long latencies that fatigue readily (Stein et al 1973a; Stein et al 1973b). As they mature, the neurons become responsive to multiple sensory modalities, their responses become more robust, their modality-specific RFs shrink into spatial register with one another, and they eventually gain the ability to integrate signals across the senses to boost sensory responsiveness (Wallace et al 2004; Wallace and Stein 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hebbian mechanisms help explain development of multisensory integration in the superior colliculus: a neural network model

et al. 2012

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The superior colliculus (SC) integrates relevant sensory information (visual, auditory, somatosensory) from several cortical and subcortical structures, to program orientation responses to external events. However, this capacity is not present at birth, and it is acquired only through interactions with cross-modal events during maturation. Mathematical models provide a quantitative framework, valuable in helping to clarify the specific neural mechanisms underlying the maturation of the multisensory integration in the SC. We extended a neural network model of the adult SC (Cuppini et al. 2010) to describe the development of this phenomenon starting from an immature state, based on known or suspected anatomy and physiology, in which: 1) AES afferents are present but weak, 2) Responses are driven from non-AES afferents, and 3) The visual inputs have a marginal spatial tuning. Sensory experience was modelled by repeatedly presenting modality-specific and cross-modal stimuli. Synapses in the network were modified by simple Hebbian learning rules. As a consequence of this exposure, 1) Receptive fields shrink and come into spatial register, and 2) SC neurons gained the adult characteristic integrative properties: enhancement, depression, and inverse effectiveness. Importantly, the unique architecture of the model guided the development so that integration became dependent on the relationship between the cortical input and the SC. Manipulations of the statistics of the experience during the development changed the integrative profiles of the neurons, and results matched well with the results of physiological studies.

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Determinants of response latency in neurons of superior colliculus in kittens.

Cited by 42 publications

References 0 publications

The use of tactile and olfactory cues in neonatal orientation and localization of the nipple

The use of tactile and olfactory cues in neonatal orientation and localization of the nipple

Development of multisensory integration from the perspective of the individual neuron

Hebbian mechanisms help explain development of multisensory integration in the superior colliculus: a neural network model

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