Determinants of severity among hospitalised COVID-19 patients: Hospital-based case-control study, India, 2020

Zodpey, Sanjay; Negandhi, Himanshu; Kamal, Vineet Kumar; Bhatnagar, Tarun; Ganeshkumar, P.; Athavale, Arvind; Kadri, AM; Patel, Amit N.; Bhagyalaxmi, Aroor; Khismatrao, Deepak S; Theranirajan, E.; Banumathi, Getrude; Singh, Krishna Nand; Parameshwari, P.; Kshirsagar, Prasita; Saxena, Rita; Deshpande, Sanjay G.; Satyanand, Kadloor; Hadke, Saurabh; Dube, Simmi; Subramaniam, Sudarshini; Madan, Surabhi; Kadam, Swapnali S.; Anand, Tanu; Jeyashree, Kathiresan; Ponnaiah, Manickam; Rana, Manish; Murhekar, Manoj; Reddy, D. Venu

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0261529

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Age equal to or above 86 years, ADL dependence, and pneumonia were very strong predictors of mortality. There are several models available in the current literature that contain not only clinical variables, but also complex analytical and a priori unmeasurable variables such as admission time [ 38 , 39 ]. Here, we provide a pragmatic tool at the time of diagnosis or admission to predict mortality.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Barthel’s Index: A Better Predictor for COVID-19 Mortality Than Comorbidities

et al. 2022

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BackgroundThe most consistent identified mortality determinants for the new coronavirus 2019 infection are aging, male sex, cardiovascular/respiratory diseases, and cancer. They were determined from heterogeneous cohorts that included patients with different disease severity and previous condition.The main goal of our study was to test if activities of daily living (ADL) dependence measured by Barthel's index could be a predictor for COVID-19 mortality. MethodsProspective cohort study with a consecutive sample of 340 COVID-19 patients representing patients from all over the Northern region of Portugal from 10/2020 to 03/2021. Mortality risk factors were determined controlling for demographics, activities of daily living (ADL) dependence, admission time, comorbidities, clinical manifestations, and delay-time for diagnosis. Central tendency measures were used to analyze continuous variables and absolute numbers (proportions) for categorical variables. For univariable analysis we used T-Test/Chi-Square/Fisher Exact Test as appropriate (α=0.05). Multivariable analysis was performed using logistic regression. Statistical software: IBM®SPSS®27. ResultsThe cohort included 340 patients (55.3% females, mean age 80.6±11.0) with a mortality rate of 19.7%. Aging, ADL dependence, pneumonia and dementia were associated with mortality and dyslipidemia and obesity with survival in univariate analysis. In multivariable analysis dyslipidemia (OR=0.35, 95%CI:0.17-0.71) was independently associated with survival. Age ≥ 86-year-old (pooled OR 2.239, 95% CI:1.100-4.559), pneumonia (pooled OR 3.00, 95% CI: 1.362-6.606), and ADL dependence (pooled OR 6.296, 95% CI: 1.795-22.088) were significantly related to mortality (ROC AUC=82.1% (p<0.0001)). ConclusionADL dependence, aging and pneumonia are the 3 main COVID-19 mortality predictors among an elderly population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Barthel’s Index: A Better Predictor for COVID-19 Mortality Than Comorbidities

et al. 2022

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“…[13][14][15] Similarly, elevated renal function tests were also determined as the worse prognostic factor in COVID-19 patients. [16,17] There are some limitations of this study. First, this is a single-center study, and the number of patients included in the study is low.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Serum amylase levels at admission in patients hospitalised for COVID-19 infection

Yalcin¹

2022

Lokman Hekim Health Sci

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Introduction:We aimed to compare the amylase levels in hospitalized patients for COVID-19 infection, who were discharged or expired, to investigate the relationship between amylase levels and outcomes of COVID-19 infection. Methods: In all patients having the symptoms of COVID-19, the diagnosis was established by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Demographic features, complete medical history, and laboratory findings of the study participants at admission are obtained from the medical records. Results: A total of 145 patients (51 females and 94 males) were included in the study. Although liver function tests and kidney function tests were significantly different between discharged and expired patients, there was no significant difference regarding the serum amylase levels at admission. In our laboratory, the upper limit of amylase level is 100 U/L. Regarding this upper limit, 72 patients (67.3%) in the discharged group and 30 patients (78.9%) in the expired group had hyperamylasemia. There was not any significant difference between the two groups, regarding the hyperamylasemia prevalence (p=0.32). Discussion and Conclusion: In patients hospitalized for COVID-19 infection, there was not any significant difference regarding the serum amylase levels between discharged and expired patients. We believe that serum amylase levels at admission cannot be regarded as a prognostic factor in COVID-19 patients.

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“…days; 7(5,10) days among those discharged and 6 (2, 10) days among those who expired (p= <0.001). Out of the 3957 patients who expired, 3418 (86.4%) died within first 14 days of hospital stay and 539 (13.6%) died after 14 days of hospital admission.Table2shows the association of baseline factors with in-hospital mortality in univariate analysis.…”

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confidence: 93%

“…The factors associated with such outcomes have been varied; older age being consistent among many populations while others varied amongst studies. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] Indian investigations have reported association of old age, presence of diabetes mellitus, presence of severe acute respiratory infection, raised inflammatory markers including interleukin-6, ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase and d-dimer with progression of COVID and/ or related in-hospital mortality [9][10][11][12] . Majority of these studies enrolled a small number of participants located at a single centre.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccination saves lives: How do patients with chronic diseases and severe COVID-19 fare? Analysis from India’s National Clinical registry for COVID-19

Mukherjee

Kumar

Turuk

et al. 2022

Preprint

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ObjectivesThis study aims to describe the demographic and clinical profile and ascertain the determinants of outcome among hospitalised COVID-19 adult patients enrolled in the National Clinical Registry for COVID-19 (NCRC).MethodsNCRC is an on-going data collection platform operational in 42 hospitals across India. Data of hospitalized COVID-19 patients enrolled in NCRC between 1st September 2020 to 26th October 2021 were examined.ResultsAnalysis of 29,509 hospitalised, adult COVID-19 patients [mean (SD) age: 51.1 (16.2) year; male: 18752 (63.6%)] showed that 15678 (53.1%) had at least one comorbidity. Among 25715 (87.1%) symptomatic patients, fever was the commonest symptom (72.3%) followed by shortness of breath (48.9%) and dry cough (45.5%). In-hospital mortality was 14.5% (n=3957). Adjusted odds of dying were significantly higher in age-group ≥60 years, males, with diabetes, chronic kidney diseases, chronic liver disease, malignancy, and tuberculosis, presenting with dyspnea and neurological symptoms. WHO ordinal scale 4 or above at admission carried the highest odds of dying [5.6 (95% CI: 4.6, 7.0)]. Patients receiving one [OR: 0.5 (95% CI: 0.4, 0.7)] or two doses of anti-SARS CoV-2 vaccine [OR: 0.4 (95% CI: 0.3, 0.7)] were protected from in-hospital mortality.ConclusionsWHO ordinal scale at admission is the most important independent predictor for in-hospital death in COVID-19 patients. Anti-SARS-CoV2 vaccination provides significant protection against mortality.

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Determinants of severity among hospitalised COVID-19 patients: Hospital-based case-control study, India, 2020

Cited by 6 publications

References 17 publications

Barthel’s Index: A Better Predictor for COVID-19 Mortality Than Comorbidities

Barthel’s Index: A Better Predictor for COVID-19 Mortality Than Comorbidities

Serum amylase levels at admission in patients hospitalised for COVID-19 infection

Vaccination saves lives: How do patients with chronic diseases and severe COVID-19 fare? Analysis from India’s National Clinical registry for COVID-19

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