Determinants of Technology Commercialization Ecosystem for Universities in Kazakhstan

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to identify the barriers of university and industry cooperation and to develop recommendations for the internal ecosystem of technology commercialization. The research method used is a survey of three categories of experts from 9 universities of Almaty (researchers, technology transfer managers, spin-off-owners). Despite the strong efforts of the government of Kazakhstan in building innovation infrastructure, there is a low level of innovation activity, less than 5% of university inventions are transferred into the industry. The results of the expert survey showed that the main barriers for cooperation between university and industry are: lack of resources to build university-industry links, lack of time due to high teaching load, poor qualification of technology transfer managers and lack of networking with industry. Based on the results of the expert survey, it is proposed to develop the ecosystem for the commercialization of university-based technologies, for which the following economic activities are important: human resources, financing, intellectual property management system, and intermediary infrastructure. The results of this study can be applied in developing the strategies and policies for universities, public research organizations, as well as for national R&D and higher education policies.

Model Ekosistem Inovasi Universitas (Studi Kasus Di Bandung Techno Park)

“…Akan tetapi, penelitian tersebut hanya membahas inovasi dari perspektif pendidikan tinggi (higher education) serta tidak menganalisis hubungan antar entitas secara lebih rinci, sehingga belum diketahui apakah telah tercipta hubungan yang saling menguntungkan antar entitas atau belum. Lebih lanjut lagi, Alibekova et al (2019) mengusulkan untuk mengembangkan ekosistem komersialisasi teknologi berbasis universitas dengan memerhatikan beberapa hal penting seperti sumber daya manusia, pembiayaan, sistem manajemen kekayaan intelektual, dan infrastruktur perantara.…”

Energy, Urbanization, and Sustainability Indicators: Empirical Data from Kazakhstan

“…As part of the collaboration for market preparedness of the trust fund, the international organizations have been offering Kazakhstan technical assistance to promote the implementation of carbon trading scheme and necessary measures to mitigate climate change (UNDP, 2021, Darke et al, 2022). The nation adopted the idea of a green economy transition (Alibekova et al, 2019;Grabara et al, 2021), which entails actions to increase energy efficiency, create renewable energy sources, reduce air pollution, and change public attitudes to green energy systems etc. (Rivotti et al, 2019;Tulaganov et al, 2022;Tishkov et al, 2022).…”

Analysis of the Growth in the Number of Patents Granted and Its Effect over the Level of Growth of the Countries: An Econometric Estimation of the Mixed Model Approach

“…According to [3], the impact of aggregate R&D spending on economic growth follows an inverted U-shaped curve because the analysis presented by the research is based on what they call the Swedish paradox, in that most research indicates that R&D leads to innovation, which leads to economic growth, but some academics have a different opinion, indicating that high investment in R&D will not bring high economic growth, although according to [4], based on a study conducted in China, innovation has a lagging impact on economic growth. According to Alibekova et al [5], despite the strong efforts of the government of Kazakhstan in building innovation infrastructure, there is a low level of innovation activity.…”