Determinants of the components of arterial pressure among older adults – The role of anthropometric and clinical factors: A multi-continent study

Tyrovolas, Stefanos; Koyanagi, Ai; Garin, Noé; Olaya, Beatriz; Ayuso-Mateos, José Luís; Chatterji, Somnath; Tobiasz–Adamczyk, Beata; Koskinen, Seppo; Leonardi, Matilde; Haro, Josep María

doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.11.029

Cited by 7 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…In multivariate analyses, older adults who were overweight or obese were up to 3.5 times as likely as those with normal BMI to have hypertension [72, 76, 77]. A dose-response relationship was observed in several studies [49, 78, 79].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypertension in older adults in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2019

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Background Hypertension is the leading driver of cardiovascular disease deaths in Africa. Its prevalence is highest in older populations. Yet, this group has received little attention in many African countries. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis (PROSPERO registration: CRD42017056474) to estimate the prevalence of hypertension in older adults living in Africa. Methods We searched grey literature and major electronic databases including PubMed and Embase for population-based studies and published between 1 January 1980 to 28 May 2018 reporting the prevalence of hypertension for adults aged ≥50 years living in Africa. We employed a random effects model to estimate the pooled prevalence across included studies. Findings We screened 10,719 articles and retrieved 103 full-text articles to evaluate for inclusion in the review. Thirty-four unique studies providing 37 data points on 43,025 individuals in 15 African countries were analyzed. The prevalence of hypertension ranged from 22.3% to 90.0% from the individual studies while the overall pooled prevalence was 57.0% (95% CI 52%-61%). The prevalence was not statistically significantly different by sex, residence, or African sub-region. In individual studies, older age and overweight/obesity were independently associated with hypertension. Twenty-nine (78%) data points were deemed to be of low- or moderate-risk of bias. Eliminating high-risk bias studies made little difference to the pooled estimate of hypertension. Sensitivity analyses, omitting one study at a time, identified three studies with significant but relatively small impact on the pooled estimate. We observed substantial heterogeneity (I 2 = 98.9%) across the studies which was further explored by meta-regression analyses. Overall, the GRADE assessment suggested moderate quality evidence in the results. Conclusion The persistent high prevalence of hypertension among older adults in Africa, even in rural populations warrants more attention to the cardiovascular health of this group by public health authorities.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypertension in older adults in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2019

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“…Details of the survey methodology have been published elsewhere. 20,21 In brief, in order to obtain nationally representative samples, a multistage clustered sampling design method was used. The sample consisted of adults aged ≥18 years with oversampling of those aged ≥50 years.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Details of the survey methodology have been published elsewhere . In brief, in order to obtain nationally representative samples, a multistage clustered sampling design method was used.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors associated with skeletal muscle mass, sarcopenia, and sarcopenic obesity in older adults: a multi‐continent study

Tyrovolas

Koyanagi

Olaya

et al. 2015

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

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BackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate the factors associated with low skeletal muscle mass (SMM), sarcopenia, and sarcopenic obesity using nationally representative samples of people aged ≥65 years from diverse geographical regions of the world.MethodsData were available for 18 363 people aged ≥65 years who participated in the Collaborative Research on Ageing in Europe survey conducted in Finland, Poland, and Spain, and the World Health Organization Study on global AGEing and adult health survey conducted in China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russia, and South Africa, between 2007 and 2012. A skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) was created to reflect SMM. SMM, SMI, and percent body fat (%BF) were calculated with specific indirect population formulas. These estimates were based on age, sex, weight, height, and race. Sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity were defined with specific cut‐offs.ResultsThe prevalence of sarcopenia ranged from 12.6% (Poland) to 17.5% (India), and that of sarcopenic obesity ranged from 1.3% (India) to 11.0% (Spain). Higher %BF was associated with lower SMM in all countries, and with sarcopenia in five countries (p < 0.001). Compared to high levels of physical activity, low levels were related with higher odds for sarcopenia [OR 1.36 (95%CI 1.11–1.67)] and sarcopenic obesity [OR 1.80 (95%CI 1.23–2.64)] in the overall sample. Also, a dose‐dependent association between higher numbers of chronic diseases and sarcopenic obesity was observed.ConclusionsPhysical activity and body composition changes such as high %BF are key factors for the prevention of sarcopenia syndrome.

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“…(Baumgartner et al, 1998;Tyrovolas et al, 2015b). Our results, together with the global population aging and the increase at alarming rates of multi-morbidity among older adults (Tyrovolas et al, 2015a(Tyrovolas et al, , 2015bTyrovolas et al, 2014), highlight the urgent need for early preventive measures which specifically target sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity, in order to promote healthy aging and minimize the risk for disability and its associated lower quality of life.…”

Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 72%

“…The survey response rate ranged from 51% (Mexico) to 93% (China). Further details of the survey methodology have been published elsewhere (Tyrovolas et al, 2015a(Tyrovolas et al, , 2015bKowal et al, 2012).…”

Section: The Courage and Sage Surveysmentioning

confidence: 99%