The role of muscle mass and body fat on disability among older adults: A cross-national analysis

Tyrovolas, Stefanos; Koyanagi, Ai; Olaya, Beatriz; Ayuso-Mateos, José Luís; Miret, Marta; Chatterji, Somnath; Tobiasz–Adamczyk, Beata; Koskinen, Seppo; Leonardi, Matilde; Haro, Josep María

doi:10.1016/j.exger.2015.06.002

Cited by 63 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Following the criteria used in previous publications, we defined sarcopenia as having low SMM as reflected by lower SMI and either a slow gait speed or weak handgrip. Low SMM was defined as the lowest quintile of the SMI based on sex‐stratified values, and slow gait speed referred to the lowest quintile of walking speed based on height, age, and sex‐stratified values . Country‐specific cut‐offs were only used to determine low SMI, as this indicator is likely to be affected by racial differences in body composition .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Weak handgrip was defined as <30 kg for men and <20 kg for women using the average value of the two handgrip measurements of the dominant hand . Sarcopenic obesity referred to the sex‐standardized highest quintile of %BF in addition to the presence of sarcopenia . The specific cut‐offs used for slow gait speed, high %BF, and SMI, and the country‐wise prevalence of low SMM [based on previously recommended SMI cut‐offs (0.789 for men and 0.512 for women)] and low handgrip strength are presented in the web appendix.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Factors associated with skeletal muscle mass, sarcopenia, and sarcopenic obesity in older adults: a multi‐continent study

Tyrovolas

Koyanagi

Olaya

et al. 2015

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

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BackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate the factors associated with low skeletal muscle mass (SMM), sarcopenia, and sarcopenic obesity using nationally representative samples of people aged ≥65 years from diverse geographical regions of the world.MethodsData were available for 18 363 people aged ≥65 years who participated in the Collaborative Research on Ageing in Europe survey conducted in Finland, Poland, and Spain, and the World Health Organization Study on global AGEing and adult health survey conducted in China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russia, and South Africa, between 2007 and 2012. A skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) was created to reflect SMM. SMM, SMI, and percent body fat (%BF) were calculated with specific indirect population formulas. These estimates were based on age, sex, weight, height, and race. Sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity were defined with specific cut‐offs.ResultsThe prevalence of sarcopenia ranged from 12.6% (Poland) to 17.5% (India), and that of sarcopenic obesity ranged from 1.3% (India) to 11.0% (Spain). Higher %BF was associated with lower SMM in all countries, and with sarcopenia in five countries (p < 0.001). Compared to high levels of physical activity, low levels were related with higher odds for sarcopenia [OR 1.36 (95%CI 1.11–1.67)] and sarcopenic obesity [OR 1.80 (95%CI 1.23–2.64)] in the overall sample. Also, a dose‐dependent association between higher numbers of chronic diseases and sarcopenic obesity was observed.ConclusionsPhysical activity and body composition changes such as high %BF are key factors for the prevention of sarcopenia syndrome.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors associated with skeletal muscle mass, sarcopenia, and sarcopenic obesity in older adults: a multi‐continent study

Tyrovolas

Koyanagi

Olaya

et al. 2015

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

Self Cite

217

213

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“…The public health implications of sarcopenia include physical disability [3], falls [4], prolonged hospitalization [5], and the associated health care costs [6]. Various approaches to diagnosing sarcopenia have included functional muscle testing and imaging, including dual x-ray absorptiometry, ultrasound, MRI, and CT [1].…”

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confidence: 99%

CT of Patients With Hip Fracture: Muscle Size and Attenuation Help Predict Mortality

Boutin

Bamrungchart

Bateni

et al. 2017

American Journal of Roentgenology

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OBJECTIVE Our objective was to determine the association between muscle cross-sectional area and attenuation, as measured on routine CT scans, and mortality in older patients with hip fracture. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective 10-year study of patients with hip fracture was conducted with the following inclusion criteria: age 65 years or older, first-time hip fracture treated with surgery, and CT of the chest, abdomen, or pelvis. This yielded 274 patients (70.4% women; mean [± SD] age, 81.3 ± 8.3 years). On each CT scan, two readers independently measured the size (cross-sectional area, indexed for patient height) and attenuation of the paravertebral muscle at T12 and the psoas muscle at L4. We then determined the association between overall mortality and the muscle size and muscle attenuation, while adjusting for demographic variables (age, sex, ethnicity, and body mass index), American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification, and Charlson comorbidity index (CCI). RESULTS The overall mortality rate increased from 28.3% at 1 year to 79.5% at 5 years. Mortality was associated with decreased thoracic muscle size (odds ratio [OR], 0.66; 95% CI, 0.49–0.87). This association persisted after adjusting for demographic variables (OR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.50–0.95), the ASA classification (OR, 0.70; CI, 0.51–0.97), and the CCI (OR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.52–1.00). Similarly, decreased survival was associated with decreased thoracic muscle attenuation after adjusting for all of these combinations of covariates (OR, 0.67–0.72; 95% CI, 0.49–0.99). Decreased lumbar muscle size and attenuation trended with decreased survival but did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSION In older adults with hip fractures, CT findings of decreased thoracic paravertebral muscle size and attenuation are associated with decreased overall survival.

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“…22 Sarcopenic obesity is indicated as a strong mediator of low functional capacity and a predictor of mortality in the elderly. 23,25,26 Thus, low BMI and high WC in dynapenic women may be an indicator of sarcopenic obesity. This is of particular importance, since the diagnosis of sarcopenic obesity is performed by imaging method, such as DXA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Higher body mass index and lower waist circumference are associated to higher physical performance (SPPB) solely in dynapenic elderly women

et al. 2017

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Physical performance limitation is defined as difficulties in performing physical tasks. It is critical for the functional independence of the elderly. Limited physical performance is strongly associated with increased falls, hospitalizations, cardio and cerebrovascular diseases, and mortality in the elderly. The impact of body mass status and low muscle strength (dynapenia) on elderly physical performance is well documented. However, the interaction of these factors (muscle strength and body mass status) on the physical performance of the elderly is not yet clear. Objective: To assess the predictive power of body mass index (BMI) associated with waist circumference (WC) in determining the physical performance of older women classified as dynapenic (low muscle strength) or non-dynapenic. Method: One hundred forty-two older women were evaluated according to: anthropometry (BMI and WC), handgrip (HG) and physical performance (SPPB). The elderly were classified in dynapenic (HG < 20 kg) or non-dynapenic (HG ≥ 20 kg). Results: In both groups, multiple linear regression analysis indicated that BMI and WC were not associated with SPPB when they were analyzed separately. However, when BMI and WC were analyzed concomitantly, both were significantly associated with SPPB only for the dynapenic group. Conclusion: The main findings of this study suggest that WC and BMI applied together, but not separate, are predictors of physical performance in older women with dynapenia. These results are important for clinical practice because of easy application and low cost of measures. Keywords: Sarcopenia, Women, Activities of Daily Living, Hand StrengthHigher body mass index and lower waist circumference are associated to higher physical performance (SPPB) solely in dynapenic elderly women Biloria BT, Costa AAN, Souza AP, Martins FM, Oliveira AA, Nunes PRP, et al. Higher body mass index and lower waist circumference are associated to higher physical performance (SPPB) solely in dynapenic elderly women

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The role of muscle mass and body fat on disability among older adults: A cross-national analysis

Cited by 63 publications

References 46 publications

Factors associated with skeletal muscle mass, sarcopenia, and sarcopenic obesity in older adults: a multi‐continent study

Factors associated with skeletal muscle mass, sarcopenia, and sarcopenic obesity in older adults: a multi‐continent study

CT of Patients With Hip Fracture: Muscle Size and Attenuation Help Predict Mortality

Higher body mass index and lower waist circumference are associated to higher physical performance (SPPB) solely in dynapenic elderly women

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