Determinants of unsuccessful tuberculosis treatment outcomes in Malaysian HIV-infected patients

Factors associated with tuberculosis cases in Semarang District, Indonesia: case–control study performed in the area where case detection rate was extremely low

“…A higher rate of ''HIV-positive people should be concerned about TB'' in the control was reflection that they were more eager to collect information than the cases. HIV infection reportedly affected TB infection [27]. However, the number who believed ''TB was hereditary'' was not different between the two groups.…”

“…To inform about the existence of this program is also good education. Utilization of this program not only reduces multidrug-resistant TB, but also helps reduce outof-pocket expenses to patients [27]. The number of syndromes of the cases absolutely indicates the delay in diagnosis.…”

Pharmacokinetics of Rifampin and Isoniazid in Tuberculosis-HIV-Coinfected Patients Receiving Nevirapine- or Efavirenz-Based Antiretroviral Treatment

“…Several factors could be associated with relatively good rifampin and isoniazid exposure. On the one hand, patients received support to enhance adherence to treatment, and bioavailability was optimized with prescription of WHO-prequalified FDC antituberculosis drugs using small body weight band ranges (8,(40)(41)(42)(43)(44). Indeed, we used a 5-kg body weight band range to adjust tuberculosis treatment; this diverged from current recommendations of a national tuberculosis program which use a 10-kg body weight band range.…”

“…The efficacy of this treatment regimen for curing tuberculosis in adults is Ͼ95% (4-6), but it can be as low as 53.4% in untreated HIV-positive individuals (7,8). The effectiveness of antituberculosis treatment is dependent on drug exposure, and several factors such as patients= male gender, low weight, severe illness, malnutrition, drug formulation, drug-drug interaction, comorbid disease, and HIV infection itself have been shown to affect antituberculosis drug pharmacokinetics (9)(10)(11)(12)(13).…”

Influence By Injection Drug Use In Patients With Hiv-Tb

“…In Eastern Europe, China, Russia and Southeast Asia, IDU are the main method of transmission of HIV. TB is the leading cause of death among HIVinfected factors that can contribute to an individual beinginfected with HIV.Among the identified factors are smoking [10], blood transfusions [6], age [2], sex [8], CD4 cells [16], the sharing of contaminated drug injection needles and homosexual or heterosexual [7].…”