Determinanty konkurencyjności polskich regionów w Unii Europejskiej

The assessment of competitiveness in the case of Latvia and Lithuania

“…Internal factors affect the country's competitiveness through the competitiveness of individual companies or industries. Internal activities can be divided into larger groups (Borowiecki & Siuta-Tokarska, 2015;Gołębiewski & Podlińska, 2015;Wychowanek, 2015): factors of human capital (human resources quality), the feature of products and services (quality and availability of resources, technology apply, production amount and costs), company's/industry features (organization form, variety of the management methods, public relations, organization structure). External factors is defined on a global scale and are divided into several groups (Borowiecki & Siuta-Tokarska, 2015;Gołębiewski & Podlińska, 2015;Wychowanek, 2015;Abreu-Novais et al, 2016;Lotfi & Karim, 2016): productivity (through the improvement of work organization, positive changes in the quality of production factors, improvement of production process or efficient allocation of resources) and efficiency factors (quality of higher education, labour market efficiency, market size), political factors (laws, customs tariffs), trade liberalization (global demand) (possibility to choose foreign partners appropriately), foreign influence (foreign capital is a source of funds, creating a dynamic comparative advantage and investments stimulate the development of technological innovations and improve the productivity of factors), economic factors (macroeconomic stability, price level, understanding of competitor's behaviour, satisfaction of customer needs), demographic factors, technological and innovative factors (technological supply, level of business and innovation development), natural factors, cultural factors, globalization, ecological factors, technical aspects and financial situation.…”

“…Factors influencing competitiveness (compiled by authors based onBorowiecki & Siuta-Tokarska, 2015;Gołębiewski & Podlińska, 2015;Wychowanek, 2015;Abreu-Novais et al, 2016;Lotfi & Karim, 2016) …”

The Growth of Competitiveness as a Result of the Changes of Wage and Employment

“…Internal factors affect the competitiveness of a country through the competitiveness of individual industries. The internal factors can be divided into larger groups (Borowiecki & Siuta-Tokarska, 2015;Gołębiewski & Podlińska, 2015;Wychowanek, 2015): human capital factors (quantity and quality of human resources, qualification of employees), the features of products and services (quality and accessibility of resources, application of technology, volume and costs of production, quality of goods and services), features of organization (industry) (organization ownership form, variety of management methods, features of organization and management, public relations).…”

“…External factors are global and are classified into several groups (Borowiecki & Siuta-Tokarska, 2015;Gołębiewski & Podlińska, 2015;Wychowanek, 2015;Abreu-Novais et al, 2016;Lotfi & Karim, 2016): productivity (understood through the improvement of work organization, positive changes of the quality of production factors, improvement of the production process and the efficient distribution of resources) and the fac-tors of efficiency (quality of higher education, efficiency of labour market, market size), political factors (legal norms, custom tariffs), trade liberalization (global demand (compiled the possibility to choose foreign partners appropriately), foreign exchange rate (exchange rate decline affects export and limits external effect, devaluation encourages development and international competitiveness), foreign influence (foreign capital is a source of funds, creating a dynamic comparative advantage while the investments stimulate the development of technological innovation and improve the productivity of factors), economic factors (macroeconomic stability, price level, understanding of the behavior of competitors, satisfaction of customer needs), demographic factors, technological and innovative factors (technological provision, level of the development of business and innovation), natural factors, cultural factors, country's policy in the region, globalization, communication networks, ecological norms, technical norms, financial situation. Meilienė and Snieška (2010) suggests that factors of country's competitiveness are divided into four groups: totally uncontrolled factors (e.g.…”

Pozycja konkurencyjna województwa wielkopolskiego wobec poziomu realizacji celów strategii „Europa 2020”

“…Ten ostatni jest pierwszym wskaźnikiem, który zapewnia syntetyczny obraz konkurencyjności regionalnej dla każdego regionu kraju członkowskiego, na poziomie NUTS-2. Pokazuje on zarówno słabe, jak i mocne strony każdego regionu UE (Gołębiewski, Podlińska 2015).…”