Determination and identification of synthetic cannabinoids and their metabolites in different matrices by modern analytical techniques – a review

Znaleziona, Joanna; Ginterová, Pavlína; Petr, Jan; Ondra, Peter; Válka, Ivo; Ševčı́k, Juraj; Chrastina, Jan; Maier, Vítězslav

doi:10.1016/j.aca.2014.12.055

Cited by 84 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 117 publications

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“…Because of this, the analytical performance may not be the reason of discrepancy between results in urine and oral fluid. In our method, only the parent compounds were investigated, as previously recommended in the literature [18,32]. However, Amaratunga et al [19] showed that the 4-hydroxy UR-144 metabolite was detected in oral fluid at higher concentration than the parent compound, and some samples were positive for this metabolite and negative for the parent compound.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Fluid vs. Urine Analysis to Monitor Synthetic Cannabinoids and Classic Drugs Recent Exposure

Blandino

Wetzel

Kim

et al. 2018

CPB

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Background Urine is a common biological sample to monitor recent drug exposure, and oral fluid is an alternative matrix of increasing interest in clinical and forensic toxicology. Limited data are available about oral fluid vs. urine drug disposition, especially for synthetic cannabinoids. Objective To compare urine and oral fluid as biological matrices to monitor recent drug exposure among HIV-infected homeless individuals. Methods Seventy matched urine and oral fluid samples were collected from 13 participants. Cannabis, amphetamines, benzodiazepines, cocaine and opiates were analyzed in urine by the enzyme-multiplied-immunoassay-technique and in oral fluid by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MSMS). Eleven synthetic cannabinoids were analyzed in urine and in oral fluid by LC-MSMS. Results Five oral fluid samples were positive for AB-FUBINACA. In urine, 4 samples tested positive for synthetic cannabinoids PB-22, 5-Fluoro-PB-22, AB-FUBINACA, and metabolites UR-144 5-pentanoic acid and UR-144 4-hydroxypentyl. In only one case, oral fluid and urine results matched, both specimens being AB-FUBINACA positive. For cannabis, 40 samples tested positive in urine and 30 in oral fluid (85.7% match). For cocaine, 37 urine and 52 oral fluid samples were positive (75.7% match). Twenty-four urine samples were positive for opiates, and 25 in oral fluid (81.4% match). For benzodiazepines, 23 samples were positive in urine and 25 in oral fluid (85.7% match). Conclusion/Discussion These results offer new information about drugs disposition between urine and oral fluid. Oral fluid is a good alternative matrix to urine for monitoring cannabis, cocaine, opiates and benzodiazepines recent use; however, synthetic cannabinoids showed mixed results.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Fluid vs. Urine Analysis to Monitor Synthetic Cannabinoids and Classic Drugs Recent Exposure

Blandino

Wetzel

Kim

et al. 2018

CPB

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“…Drug metabolism studies are an important part of drug discovery and development, toxicological risk assessment, and also developing urine drug testing procedures for rather lipophilic compounds, which excreted into urine completely metabolized (Meyer and Maurer 2012b;Castaneto et al 2015;Znaleziona et al 2015). In such studies, the chemical structure of the phase I and II metabolites has to be elucidated before the kinetics of the involved enzymes and finally the in vivo pharmacokinetics can be determined.…”

Section: Hrms For Elucidation Of the Metabolite Structures And Formatmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various review articles have been published since 2014 on different aspects of screening for detection of pharmaceuticals or DoA (Beck and Ericsson 2014;Peters 2014;Patteet et al 2015;Znaleziona et al 2015;Castaneto et al 2015;. have recently reviewed papers on screening approaches for NPS in blood, urine, and hair and will thus not be mentioned here again.…”

Section: Screening For Detection Of Pharmaceuticals Doa and Toxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-resolution mass spectrometry in toxicology: current status and future perspectives

Maurer

Meyer

2016

Arch Toxicol

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This paper reviews high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) approaches using time-of-flight or Orbitrap techniques for research and application in various toxicology fields, particularly in clinical toxicology and forensic toxicology published since 2013 and referenced in PubMed. In the introduction, an overview on applications of HRMS in various toxicology fields is given with reference to current review articles. Papers concerning HRMS in metabolism, screening, and quantification of pharmaceuticals, drugs of abuse, and toxins in human body samples are critically reviewed. Finally, a discussion on advantages as well as limitations and future perspectives of these methods is included.

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“…It was found that most of SCs are affected by the matrix compounds found in the sample [69,79], particularly when ESI is used [ 110 ] . It has been recommended that the most effective way to minimise ME is to use of isotope-labeled internal standards [111].…”

Section: Liquid Chromatographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioanalytical methods for the determination of synthetic cannabinoids and metabolites in biological specimens

Aldlgan

Torrance

2016

TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry

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Recently the use of synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) has increased around the world. As a result, the importance for accurate analysis of SCs in human biological matrices is evident and continues to be especially challenging due to their chemical structures being constantly modified. Many methods have been published recently for the analysis of SCs in human biological samples. This review provides an overview of the analytical methods used for the analysis of SCs and their metabolites in biological specimens with a special focus on chromatographic analysis and sample preparation.Liquid chromatography assay is the most commonly used for confirmation purposes of SCs and their metabolites in biological matrices. In blood and oral fluid, analysis of SCs must be very sensitive. In urine, SCs have extensive metabolism pathways; therefore the main target compounds are their hydroxyl and carboxyl metabolites, which is important to recognise when establishing clinical and forensic toxicology analytical methods.

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Determination and identification of synthetic cannabinoids and their metabolites in different matrices by modern analytical techniques – a review

Cited by 84 publications

References 117 publications

Oral Fluid vs. Urine Analysis to Monitor Synthetic Cannabinoids and Classic Drugs Recent Exposure

Oral Fluid vs. Urine Analysis to Monitor Synthetic Cannabinoids and Classic Drugs Recent Exposure

High-resolution mass spectrometry in toxicology: current status and future perspectives

Bioanalytical methods for the determination of synthetic cannabinoids and metabolites in biological specimens

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