2020
DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114313
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Determination and uptake of abamectin and difenoconazole in the stingless bee Melipona scutellaris Latreille, 1811 via oral and topic acute exposure

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Cited by 17 publications
(10 citation statements)
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“…No macrocyclic lactone was detected on any wildflower collected at reference sampling locations. Although abamectin is applied to crops via foliar spray, most macrocyclic lactones are used as anthelmintics in livestock (do Prado et al, 2020;Prichard et al, 2012). Macrocyclic lactones are administered to cattle via ear tags, injections, pour-ons, and orally to combat internal and external pests (Feedlot, 2011;Peterson et al, 2020;Prichard et al, 2012;Urech, 2004).…”
Section: Agrochemicals On Wildflowersmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…No macrocyclic lactone was detected on any wildflower collected at reference sampling locations. Although abamectin is applied to crops via foliar spray, most macrocyclic lactones are used as anthelmintics in livestock (do Prado et al, 2020;Prichard et al, 2012). Macrocyclic lactones are administered to cattle via ear tags, injections, pour-ons, and orally to combat internal and external pests (Feedlot, 2011;Peterson et al, 2020;Prichard et al, 2012;Urech, 2004).…”
Section: Agrochemicals On Wildflowersmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Another biomolecule with potential insecticidal properties called Abamectin is a metabolite of Streptomyces avermitilis, belonging to the Avermectin class. This biochemical compound is extremely toxic to humans (0.002 mg/kg) and other vertebrates as well as invertebrates (Prado et al 2020). A study of abamectin verified its bioaccumulation in tissues of adult forager bees of Melipona scutellaris after oral and topical exposure, and mortality was higher from oral than topical exposure (Table III) These studies challenge the common perception of non-target safety of these bioinsecticides, particularly for stingless bee species (Table III).…”
Section: Biopesticidesmentioning
confidence: 91%
“…In the acute topical tests, exposure was performed by the direct application of 1 μl of an aqueous solution containing different concentrations of each insecticide in a Triton X-100 (1.0%) solution: 1 μg ml −1 (Topical A) and 2.5 μg ml −1 (Topical B; do Prado et al, 2020). The solutions were applied with a microapplicator to the dorsal side of the thorax of each bee.…”
Section: Oral and Topical Experimentsmentioning
confidence: 99%