Determination of 24 primary aromatic amines in aqueous food simulants by combining solid phase extraction and salting-out assisted liquid–liquid extraction with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry

Szabó, Bálint; Jakab, Péter; Hegedűs, János; Kirchkeszner, Csaba; Petrovics, Noémi; Nyíri, Zoltán; Bodai, Zsolt; Rikker, Tamás; Eke, Zsuzsanna

doi:10.1016/j.microc.2021.105927

Cited by 23 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Aliphatic, aromatic, heterocyclic, and heterocyclic aromatic amines are the different amine groups found in various food matrixes. Still, the determination of these trace level compounds is problematic because of their high volatility and polarity structures, high solubility in water, and relative basic character [ 215 , 216 ]. Several food products, especially protein-rich foods (e.g., cooked meat or fish) and fermented drinks (e.g., beer, wine) contain amines, which increase cancer risk [ 217 ].…”

Section: Spe Applications and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the modern principles and applications of solid-phase extraction techniques in chromatographic analysis

et al. 2022

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Analytical processes involving sample preparation, separation, and quantifying analytes in complex mixtures are indispensable in modern-day analysis. Each step is crucial to enriching correct and informative results. Therefore, sample preparation is the critical factor that determines both the accuracy and the time consumption of a sample analysis process. Recently, several promising sample preparation approaches have been made available with environmentally friendly technologies with high performance. As a result of its many advantages, solid-phase extraction (SPE) is practiced in many different fields in addition to the traditional methods. The SPE is an alternative method to liquid–liquid extraction (LLE), which eliminates several disadvantages, including many organic solvents, a lengthy operation time and numerous steps, potential sources of error, and high costs. SPE advanced sorbent technology reorients with various functions depending on the structure of extraction sorbents, including reversed-phase, normal-phase, cation exchange, anion exchange, and mixed-mode. In addition, the commercial SPE systems are disposable. Still, with the continual developments, the restricted access materials (RAM) and molecular imprinted polymers (MIP) are fabricated to be active reusable extraction cartridges. This review will discuss all the theoretical and practical principles of the SPE techniques, focusing on packing materials, different forms, and performing factors in recent and future advances. The information about novel methodological and instrumental solutions in relation to different variants of SPE techniques, solid-phase microextraction (SPME), in-tube solid-phase microextraction (IT-SPME), and magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) is presented. The integration of SPE with analytical chromatographic techniques such as LC and GC is also indicated. Furthermore, the applications of these techniques are discussed in detail along with their advantages in analyzing pharmaceuticals, biological samples, natural compounds, pesticides, and environmental pollutants, as well as foods and beverages. Graphical abstract

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Section: Spe Applications and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the modern principles and applications of solid-phase extraction techniques in chromatographic analysis

et al. 2022

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“…6 To protect human health, a cost-effective analytical procedure is necessary to detect aromatic amines in different samples. Gas chromatography coupled with FID 7 or mass spectrometry (MS), 8 HPLC coupled with a UV detector 9 or tandem MS, 10,11 and capillary electrophoresis coupled with a UV detector 12 have been employed for the quantication of aromatic amines in aqueous samples. Among these analytical instruments, GC due to its simplicity, high sensitivity, and short analysis time is extensively used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ formation of chloroform for dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction of some aromatic amines from aqueous samples optimized by central composite design prior to GC-MS analysis

et al. 2023

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“…Capillary electrophoresis (CE) [13,14] has also been proposed although limits of detections (LODs) are not low enough to determine PAAs in migration tests of food simulants or food samples without previous preconcentration steps. Thereby, liquid chromatography (LC) is the technique most commonly used for the chromatographic separation of PAAs [15][16][17][18]. Generally, these methodologies use both reversedphase C18 columns specially designed for the separation of basic compounds with neutral mobile phases to avoid the protonation of PAAs and enhance their chromatographic retention [7,[19][20][21][22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure ionization-tandem mass spectrometry method for the migration studies of primary aromatic amines from food contact materials

Arrizabalaga-Larrañaga

Juan

Bressan

et al. 2022

Anal Bioanal Chem

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This work describes the development of an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method for the determination of 23 primary aromatic amines (PAAs) that can potentially migrate from food contact materials. The chromatographic separation was performed in a pentafluorophenylpropyl (PFPP) column achieving the separation of all PAAs in less than 6.5 min using water to acetonitrile (0.1% acetic acid in both solvents) as mobile phase and a gradient elution. The feasibility of atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) and atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI) was evaluated as alternative to electrospray ionization (ESI) for the analysis of PAAs. Results showed that for most of the compounds, better responses were obtained with APCI, which shows the advantage of being less susceptible to matrix effects. Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) fragmentation studies of [M + H]+ allowed for the selection of the two most characteristic and abundant product ions of the 23 PAAs which led to the development of a selective and sensitive UHPLC-APCI-MS/MS method with limits of detection ranging from 0.2 to 2 μg kg−1. Moreover, intra-day and inter-day precisions of the method in terms of relative standard deviation (RSD%) were lower than 10% and 15%, while trueness as relative error was <15% for most of the compounds. The UHPLC-APCI-MS/MS method was applied to the analysis of twenty black Nylon kitchenware samples that were submitted to migration tests using food simulant B (3% acetic acid, w/v), and the presence of PAAs were detected in eighteen samples at concentrations above the legislated limit (2 μg kg−1 of food or food simulants). Graphical abstract

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Determination of 24 primary aromatic amines in aqueous food simulants by combining solid phase extraction and salting-out assisted liquid–liquid extraction with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry

Cited by 23 publications

References 37 publications

A review of the modern principles and applications of solid-phase extraction techniques in chromatographic analysis

A review of the modern principles and applications of solid-phase extraction techniques in chromatographic analysis

In situ formation of chloroform for dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction of some aromatic amines from aqueous samples optimized by central composite design prior to GC-MS analysis

Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure ionization-tandem mass spectrometry method for the migration studies of primary aromatic amines from food contact materials

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