Determination of 4-tert-octylphenol, 4-nonylphenol and bisphenol A in surface waters from the Haihe River in Tianjin by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry with selected ion monitoring

Abstract

The estrogenic pollutants 4-tert-octylphenol (OP), 4-nonylphenol (NP) and bisphenol A (BPA) were determined in surface water samples from the Haihe River, Tianjin, China. The analytes were extracted and concentrated from 300 ml acidified water samples by liquid-liquid extractions using dichloromethane, derivatized with trifluoroacetic anhydride, and quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) with selected ion monitoring (SIM). Among the samples collected from 14 sampling sites, only one sample was found to have a relatively high concentration of BPA (8.30 lg l À1 ) and NP (0.55 lg l À1 ). The concentrations of OP, NP and BPA in the other samples were in the range of 18.0-20.2, 106-296 and 19.1-106 ng l À1 , respectively. Recoveries for OP, NP and BPA in the spiked water samples were all over 80%.

Monitoring of selected estrogenic compounds and estrogenic activity in surface water and sediment of the Yellow River in China using combined chemical and biological tools

“…4-t-OP and BPA were also detected at all sampling sites (Table 2) and have been widely detected in aquatic environments, usually at levels of several to hundreds of nanograms per liter (Boyd et al, 2004;Furuichi et al, 2004;Kuch and Ballschmiter, 2001). Both levels and detection frequencies of 4-t-OP and BPA in the water of the Yellow River appear lower than those in the Pearl River (Zhao et al, 2009), Hai River (Jin et al, 2004) of China, the Tama River of Japan (Furuichi et al, 2004), but similar to those in the Ouse River of UK (Zhang et al, 2006) and Venice lagoon of Italy (Pojana et al, 2007) (Table 2). TCS is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial and preservative agent that is widely used in personal care products (Stasinakis et al, 2008) and it had a frequency of detection of 97% in the Yellow River.…”

“…This study Chen et al, 2006;Peng et al, 2006;Zhao et al, 2009, 2011Jin et al, 2004Chen et al, 2007Khim et al, 1999Ko et al, 2007;Kim et al, 2007;Li et al, 2004Furuichi et al, 2004Hohenblum et al, 2004;Isobe et al, 2001Hibberd et al, 2009Liu et al, 2004;Petrovic et al, 2002;Zhang et al, 2006Pojana et al, 2007Hohenblum et al, 2004Ying et al, 2009Kolpin et al, 2002Stuart et al, 2005 a Concentration range: minimum to maximum (median). weak based on the calculated pseudo-partitioning coefficients: 0e598 L/kg, 14e287 L/kg, 0e192 L/kg and 0e383 L/kg for 4-t-OP, 4-NP, BPA and TCS.…”

AhR-active compounds in sediments of the Haihe and Dagu Rivers, China

“…The Dagu River is another very important channel into which wastewater from domestic sources and from industries in Tianjin is discharged to be finally emptied into the Bohai Sea. Some toxic compounds, such as organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), xeno-estrogens (including 4-tert-octylphenol, 4-nonylphenol and bisphenol A) and mercury, have been reported in the previously studies in this area (Jin et al, 2004;Shi et al, 2005;Wan et al, 2005;Yang et al, 2005). However, few data are available to indicate the level of contamination of dioxin-like compounds in these rivers.…”

Occurrence of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans and biphenyls pollution in sediments from the Haihe River and Dagu Drainage River in Tianjin City, China

“…The potential pollution might come from the sewage outlet of the Dagu Drainage River at the south of H10. The estuary of Haihe River might be polluted easily by the effluents of Dagu Drainage River (Jin et al, 2004). Also, as shown in Fig.…”

“…The pollutants, including heavy metal, organochlorine pesticides, 4-tert-octylphenol, 4-nonylphenol and bisphenol A etc., were found in Haihe River to be transported into Bohai Sea, which is located in the northeast of China, and seriously contaminate the marine environment (Jin et al, 2004;Shi et al, 2005;Yang et al, 2005). In addition, occurrence of PCDD/Fs and PCBs in mollusks and cores collected in or along Bohai Sea has been reported in several articles Wan et al, 2005;Zhao et al, 2005).…”