Determination of a Large Set of β-Adrenergic Agonists in Animal Matrices Based on Ion Mobility and Mass Separations

Abstract

While the coupling of traveling wave ion mobility spectrometry (TWIMS) and mass spectrometry is mainly reported for structural purposes, we studied its potential in enhancing compounds analysis such as growth promoters used in livestock animals at trace concentrations. β-Adrenergic agonists have been selected as model compounds since they exhibit a range of close physicochemical properties leading to analytical issues using classical approaches. In this paper, the potential of Synapt G2-S (Q-TWIM-TOF MS) has been investigated for sensitive and specific detection of a range of these synthetic phenethanolamines in various complex biological matrices (retina, meat, and urine) from bovine considered as relevant in the context of detecting β-adrenergic agonists use in animals. In particular, the specificity of the additional information provided by the TWIMS (i.e., collision cross section) together with the interest of the extra dimension of separation is discussed.

Adding a new separation dimension to MS and LC–MS: What is the utility of ion mobility spectrometry?

“…Beucher et al. studied nonsteroidal selective androgen receptor modulators, which are prohibited by the World Anti‐Doping Agency, but remain readily available and potentially used in livestock production for growth promotion . Interestingly, the authors were able to successfully couple SFC separation with TWIMS–MS for the analysis of bovine urine and suggested that CCS has potential within this workflow to be used as an identification parameter within a screening method.…”

Determination of β-Agonist Residues in Animal-Derived Food by a Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometric Method Combined with Molecularly Imprinted Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction

“…Recently, several analytical methods have been developed for the determination of β -agonist drugs in foodstuffs and animal urine [ 5 – 13 ]. The analytical methods are mainly based on two different immune analysis techniques [ 6 , 7 , 9 , 11 ] and on the chromatographic technique [ 5 , 8 , 10 , 12 , 13 ]; both have advantages and drawbacks. Immune analysis techniques such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) exhibit the features of rapid and simple analysis but come with drawbacks of giving rise to false positives.…”

Metabolic Effects of Clenbuterol and Salbutamol on Pork Meat Studied Using Internal Extractive Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry

“…β-agonists, a class of phenylethanolamine compounds similar in chemical structures, are widely used for the treatment of respiratory diseases in clinical applications 4, 5 . It has been reported that β-agonists promote animal growth rates and increase muscle leanness by inducing redistribution of fat in the muscle tissues of mammals 6–8 . Driven by reaping high profits, β-agonists are often illegally fed to animals.…”