Determination of Acute Zn Toxicity in Pore Water from Soils Previously Treated with Sewage Sludge Using Bioluminescence Assays

Chaudri, A. M.; Knight, B.; Barbosa-Jefferson, V. L.; Preston, Sara; Paton, Graeme I.; Killham, Ken; Coad, Nicholas; Nicholson, F. A.; Chambers, B. J.; McGrath, Steve P.

doi:10.1021/es980753+

Cited by 67 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Toxic e¡ects of heavy metals such as copper and zinc on bacteria have been reported extensively [25^27]. Although most of the metals in the well waters used will have been in a non-bioavailable form, even at these relatively high pH ranges there will be a small percentage of free ion in the water phase [25,26]. Some private wells in Scotland have been lined with copper and in almost all cases, the pipes leading to the consumer's tap is made from copper or lead [28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in private drinking water wells: influences of protozoan grazing and elevated copper concentrations

Artz

2002

FEMS Microbiology Letters

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The survival characteristics of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in private drinking water wells were investigated to assess the potential for human exposure. A non-toxigenic, chromosomally lux-marked strain of E. coli O157:H7 was inoculated into well water from four different sites in the North East of Scotland. These waters differed significantly in their heavy metal contents as well as nutrient and bacterial grazer concentrations. Grazing and other biological factors were studied using filtered (3 and 0.2 Wm) and autoclaved water. The survival of E. coli O157:H7 was primarily decreased by elevated copper concentrations. This hypothesis was supported by acute toxicity assay data. In addition, significant protozoan predation effects were observed in untreated water when compared with survival rates in filtered water. The combination of these two factors in particular determines the survival time of the pathogen in a private water well. It therefore appears that wells with higher water quality as assessed using the European Union Drinking Water Directive standards will also allow survival of E. coli O157:H7 for much longer periods.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in private drinking water wells: influences of protozoan grazing and elevated copper concentrations

Artz

2002

FEMS Microbiology Letters

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“…Metals in soil porewater better reflect toxicity to many soil organisms than total metals because soluble metals are more readily available (Chaudri et al 1999). This fraction does, however, include some less available metals complexed to dissolved organic matter and associated with inorganic ligands.…”

Section: Porewater Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Communities in Long-Term Heavy Metal Contaminated Ombrotrophic Peats

Linton

Shotbolt

Thomas

2007

Water Air Soil Pollut

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High concentrations of heavy metals are known to be toxic to many soil organisms. The effects of long-term exposure to lower levels of metals on the soil microbial community are, however, less well understood. The southern Pennines of the U.K. are characterised by expanses of ombrotrophic peat soils that have experienced deposition of high levels of heavy metals since the mid to late 1800s. Concentrations of metals in the peat remain high but the effect of the contamination on the in-situ microbial communities is unknown. Geochemical and molecular polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) and sequencing techniques were used to derive new information on the metal chemistry and microbial populations in peat soils from six locations in the southern Pennines. All sites were highly acidic (pH 3.00?3.14) with high concentrations of potentially toxic heavy metals, particularly porewater Zn and particulate-associated Pb. The results also reveal a split in site characteristics between the most polluted sites with the highest levels of bioavailable metals (Bleaklow, FeatherBed Moss and White Hill) and those with much lower bioavailable metals (Cowms Moor, Holme Moss and Round Hill). There was no difference in the number of dominant bacterial species between the sites but there were significant differences in the species composition. At the three sites with the highest levels of bioavailable metals, bacterial species with a high similarity to acidophilic sulphur- and iron-oxidizing bacteria and those from high metal environments were detected. The transformations carried out by these metal mobilising and acid producing bacteria may make heavy metals more bioavailable and therefore more toxic to higher organisms. Bacteria with similarity to those typically found in forest and grassland soils were documented at the three sites with the lowest levels of bioavailable metals. The data highlight the need for further studies to elucidate the species diversity and functionality of bacteria in heavy metal contaminated peats in order to assess implications for moorland restoration

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“…metal concentrations or activity in soil solution (Sauve et al, 1998;Chaudri et al, 1999;McGrath et al, 1999;Vulkan et al, 2000). There is considerable experimental evidence to suggest that responses of plants and soil organisms to metal toxicity are explained by the variation in free metal ion activity in soil pore water (Spark, 1995;Sauve et al, 1998;Hough et al, , 2004.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting Metal Uptake and Risk to the Human Food Chain from Leaf Vegetables Grown on Soils Amended by Long-Term Application of Sewage Sludge

Datta

Young

2005

Water Air Soil Pollut

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The success of risk assessment of metal contaminated soils depends on how precisely one can predict the bio-availability of metals in soil and transfer to the human food chain. In the present investigation, we tested several formulations of the 'free-ion activity model (FIAM)' to predict uptake of Cd, Zn and Cu by perpetual spinach (Beta vulgaris, Cicla) grown on a range of soils amended with sewage sludge. The model was parameterised using data measured on samples of pore water extracted by centrifugation and with porous Rhizon samplers installed within the rhizosphere of the growing plants. Free ion activities (M 2+ ) were estimated following speciation of solution data using version 6 of the 'Windermere Humic Aqueous Model (WHAM-VI). For all three metals, the best formulation of the FIAM appeared to require only one hypothetical root sorption site without competition from protons. Values of (M 2+ ) could also be predicted satisfactorily from a pH-dependent Freundlich relation. Thus, from a combined FIAM-Freundlich relation and population dietary information, it was possible to estimate risk (hazard quotients) to consumers from very simple soil measurements: extractable metal content (0.05 M EDTA (Zn and Cu) or 1 M CaCl 2 (Cd)), soil humus content and pH. The role of increased soil organic matter content and soil pH, in reducing risk to consumers, is illustrated for Cd in a hypothetical soil at the current UK statutory Cd limit for sludge application to agricultural land.

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Determination of Acute Zn Toxicity in Pore Water from Soils Previously Treated with Sewage Sludge Using Bioluminescence Assays

Cited by 67 publications

References 16 publications

Survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in private drinking water wells: influences of protozoan grazing and elevated copper concentrations

Survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in private drinking water wells: influences of protozoan grazing and elevated copper concentrations

Microbial Communities in Long-Term Heavy Metal Contaminated Ombrotrophic Peats

Predicting Metal Uptake and Risk to the Human Food Chain from Leaf Vegetables Grown on Soils Amended by Long-Term Application of Sewage Sludge

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