Determination of additives in cosmetics by supercritical fluid extraction on-line headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

Recent advances in combining microextraction techniques for sample pre-treatment

“…The SPME device (septum-piercing needle), following extraction, was pierced through the septum to the inside of the vial. The main advantage of the proposed methodology was that target derivatization and adsorption onto the fiber occurred at the same time the compounds eluted from the supercritical fluid device [13]. Extraction time was therefore shorter than reported by other authors using off-line sample pre-treatments.…”

“…Extraction time was therefore shorter than reported by other authors using off-line sample pre-treatments. In addition, the method developed required a smaller amount of sample (0.02 g) [13]. The authors reported quantitative results (analytical recoveries near 100%) when analyzing cream samples spiked at high concentration levels (500 ng g -1 and 1000 ng g -1 ).…”

“…When assessing parabens in cosmetics, the vial contained the derivatization reagents for in situ silylation, and the end-to-end distance between the restricting tube and glass vial bottom was approximately 1 cm (the SPME fiber was placed in the HS of the vial) [13]. The SPME device (septum-piercing needle), following extraction, was pierced through the septum to the inside of the vial.…”

Sub- and supercritical fluid technology applied to food waste processing

“…Yang et al [130] proposed a new technique to couple SFE to an adsorption/solid phase micro extraction line to GC-MS, to determine parabenes and phenolic antioxidants in cosmetics. After SFE, the extracted compounds were derivatized with a sililation reagent.…”

Analysis of volatile organic compounds in compost samples: A potential tool to determine appropriate composting time

“…There are few reports on specific compounds and the analysis of volatile organic compounds during the whole composting process (Li and Huang, 2006;Nasini et al, 2016;Shen et al, 2012;Tiquia and Tam, 1998). HS-SPME-GC-MS has strong analytical capabilities for volatile organic substances and has qualitative and quantitative analysis applications in medical (Gentili et al, 2004;Kamysek et al, 2011), environmental (Higashikawa et al, 2013;Kotowska et al, 2012;Menendez et al, 2004), agricultural (Soto et al, 2015;Sun et al, 2015;Zhang et al, 2010), micro-organism (Stoppacher et al, 2010;Strobel et al, 2008), soil (Durovic et al, 2012;Eriksson et al, 2001), water Martínez et al, 2013;Morales et al, 2012), cosmetics (Ortiz and Tena, 2006;Yang et al, 2010), and food safety fields (Sang et al, 2013;Silva et al, 2015;Tait et al, 2014).…”