Determination of Aflatoxins in Agricultural Products: Use of Aqueous Acetone for Extraction

Pons, Walter A.; Cucullu, Alva F.; Lee, L S; Robertson, James A.; Franz, A. O.; Goldblatt, L. A.

doi:10.1093/jaoac/49.3.554

Cited by 62 publications

(35 citation statements)

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“…Solid cultures were defatted with light petroleum (b.p. 40-60") and then extracted with a waterchloroform mixture (Lee, 1965) or with aqueous acetone (Pons et al, 1965). Strains F114, F136, F137 and F138 were extracted with water-chloroform mixture and F113, F214, F209 and ATCC with aqueous acetone.…”

Section: Chemical Analysis Extraction Of Afitoxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation of Aflatoxin Content of Cultures of Aspergillus flavus with Duration of Incubation and its Relation to Studies on Aflatoxin Production

Arseculeratne

Bandunatha

1972

Journal of Applied Bacteriology

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Summary: Strains of Aspergillus flavus recently isolated from coconut products were cultured on grated coconut. The aflatoxin content of serial cultures was found to vary significantly with duration of incubation and for some strains to show more than one phase of increase of aflatoxin content. The occurrence of these variations indicates that the study of aflatoxigenic capacity of strains or of the capacity of a medium to support toxin production, should be based upon a knowledge of the pattern of variation of toxin content with duration of incubation of the cultures under the experimental conditions used. Assay of toxin level in a culture after one period of incubation could lead to erroneous conclusions about the identity or quantities of toxin components which the strain is able to produce.

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Section: Chemical Analysis Extraction Of Afitoxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation of Aflatoxin Content of Cultures of Aspergillus flavus with Duration of Incubation and its Relation to Studies on Aflatoxin Production

Arseculeratne

Bandunatha

1972

Journal of Applied Bacteriology

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“…Five different batches of each component were analysed, each time in duplicate. The analysis was based on a modification of the method described by PONS et al (1966). Below is a description of the procedure.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aflatoxin Levels in Laboratory Animal Diet Components

Samuel¹

2010

Zentralblatt Für Veterinärmedizin Reihe B

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Summary The levels of aflatoxin B1 in some commonly used components of laboratory animal diets were determined semi‐quantitatively. Aflatoxin B1 was detected in 6 of 16 of the diet components examined. The highest level was found in tapioca meal (0.075 mg./kg.) followed by fish meal (0.067 mg./kg.). No aflatoxin could be detected in any of the components normally used for the formulation of semi‐synthetic diets. Zusammenfassung Der Aflatoxin‐B1‐Gehalt von einigen gebräuchlichen Bestandteilen von Versuchstierfutter wurde semi‐quantitativ ermittelt. In 6 von 16 untersuchten Standardfutterbestandteilen wurde Aflatoxin B1 entdeckt. Den höchsten Gehalt zeigten Tapiokamehl (0,075 mg/kg) sowie Fischmehl (0,067 mg/kg). Futterkomponenten, die üblicherweise zur Herstellung halbsynthetischen Futters verwendet werden, wiesen keinen Aflatoxingehalt auf. Résumé On a recherché semi‐quantitativemeit le taux d'aflatoxine B1 de quelques composants usuels d'aliment d'animaux de laboratoire. Aflatoxine B1 fut trouvée dans sur 16 éléments examinés. La farine de tapioka (0,075 mg/kg) et la farine de Poisson (0,067 mg/kg) montrèrent les taux les plus élevés. Les composants alimentaires utilisés habituellement dans la fabrication d'un aliment semi‐synthétique ne contenaient pas d'aflatoxine. Resumen Se determinó semicuantitativamente el contenido en aflatoxina B1 de algunos componentes usuales de pienso para animales de experimentación. En 6 de 16 componentes de pienso estandar examinados se descubrió aflatoxina B1. El contenido máiximo lo presentaban la harina de tapioca (0,075 mg./kg.) y harina de pescado (0.067 mg./kg.). Los componentes de pienso, que se suelen utilizar corrientemente para la elaboración de piensos semisintéticos, no acusaban ningún contenido en aflatoxina.

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“…Separation of fumigatin ; separation of aflatoxin (PONS et al, 1966); separation of ochratoxine (SCOTT and HAND, 1967).…”

Section: Mycotoxin Separationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Pathogenic Effects on Animals Fed with Mouldy Hay or Given its Etheric Fraction*

Shadmi

Volcani

Nobel

2010

Zentralblatt Für Veterinärmedizin Reihe A

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Summary Normal hay and mouldy hay of various degrees of mouldiness were fed intact or in pulverized form or as an aqueous extract to juvenile rats and kids. Retardation in growth and histopathological changes were observed when the mouldy hay was fed. The LD50 of mouldy‐hay‐extract injected i. p. into rats and guinea pigs was half that of extracts from normal hay. The ether fraction from the methanol extract of mouldy hay was divided into four sub‐fractions. The phenol sub‐fractions injected i. v. into mice and kids caused fatty degeneration and centrilobular infiltration in the liver and vacuolisation of the kidney. The other sub‐fractions contained mycotoxins (aflatoxin, ochratoxin) and caused centrilobular and periportal fatty degeneration in the liver and severe nephrosis with interstitial infiltration of the kidney. The lesions were similar to those obtained when the mouldy hay was given per os. Very mouldy hay obtained as a result of hot fermentation, in addition to causing economic losses, causes growth retardation and damage to the liver and kidney. These changes will not be recognized unless body weight retardation and histopathological preparations are comparatively studied. Zusammenfassung Die pathogenen Effekte von verschimmeltem Heu und Ätherextrakten von verschimmeltem Heu Normales Heu und stark verschimmeltes Heu wurden in intakter und pulverisierter Form an juvenile Ratten und Zicklein verfüttert. Auch wäßrige Extrakte der erwähnten Heuproben wurden an die obigen Versuchstiere verabreicht. Als Folge davon traten verzögertes Wachstum und histologische Veränderungen auf. Bei Ratten und Meerschweinchen war die LD50 von intraperitonealen Extrakten von normalem Heu nur halb so groß wie diejenigen von Extrakten von verschimmeltem Heu. Die Ätherfraktion von Methanolextrakten von verschimmeltem Heu wurde in vier Subfraktionen unterteilt. Die intravenöse Applikation der Phenol‐Subfraktion an Mäuse und Zicklein verursachte eine fettige Degeneration und zentrilobuläre Infiltration in der Leber sowie eine Vakualisation des Nierengewebes. Die anderen Subfraktionen, welche Mykotoxine (Aflatoxin, Ochratoxin) enthielten, verursachten zentrilobuläre und periportale fettige Degeneration in der Leber und eine schwere Nephrose und interstitielle Infiltration der Niere. Die Läsionen glichen denjenigen, welche bei peroraler Applikation von verschimmeltem Heu erhalten wurden. Verschimmeltes Heu verursacht neben finanziellen Verlusten ein verzögertes Wachstum sowie Leber‐ und Nierenschädigungen. Diese Störungen können nur bei gleichzeitiger Erfassung der verzögerten Körpergewichtszunahme sowie der hystopathologischen Veränderungen erkannt werden. Résumé Les effets pathogènes du foin moisi et des extraits à l'éther du foin moisi On a donné du foin normal et un foin fortement moisi sous forme intacte et pulvérisée à de jeunes rats et à des chevreaux. On a également donné des extraits aqueux de foin normal et moisi aux animaux mentionnés. Le résultat fut une croissance retardée et des lésions histologiques. Les extraits de ...

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Determination of Aflatoxins in Agricultural Products: Use of Aqueous Acetone for Extraction

Cited by 62 publications

References 0 publications

Variation of Aflatoxin Content of Cultures of Aspergillus flavus with Duration of Incubation and its Relation to Studies on Aflatoxin Production

Variation of Aflatoxin Content of Cultures of Aspergillus flavus with Duration of Incubation and its Relation to Studies on Aflatoxin Production

Aflatoxin Levels in Laboratory Animal Diet Components

The Pathogenic Effects on Animals Fed with Mouldy Hay or Given its Etheric Fraction*

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