Determination of Aflatoxins in High-Pigment Content Samples by Matrix Solid-Phase Dispersion and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

Abstract

A fast, efficient, and cost-effective method was developed for the analysis of aflatoxins in farm commodities with high-pigment content, such as chili powder, green bean, and black sesame. The proposed method involved matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-fluorescence detection (FLD) with postcolumn electrochemical derivatization in a Kobra cell. The MSPD procedure combined the extraction with neutral alumina and pigment cleanup with graphitic carbon black (GCB) in a single step. The recoveries of aflatoxins ranged from 88% to 95% with the relative standard deviations (RSD) less than 6% (n = 6). The limits of detection (LODs) were 0.25 ng/g aflatoxin B1, G1, and 0.10 ng/g aflatoxin B2, G2, respectively. The analytical results obtained by MSPD were compared to those of the immunoaffinity column (IAC) cleanup method. No significant differences were found between the two methods by t-test at the 95% confidence level.

HPLC Method Validation for Simultaneous Determination of Three Mycotoxins from Corn Seeds

“…The lower limits of quantification LOQ for the analyzed species were determined with the following values: 2.88 µg kg -1 aflatoxin B1, 2.88 µg kg -1 ochratoxin A respectively 14.4 µg kg -1 zearalenone and the records have respected the imposed conditions required by the GLP regulations (meaning that relative standard deviation should not exceed ±20 % also the bias in the same domain). 23,24 The quantification limits that were published and reached with complex instruments are in a large range between 0.25 /16 µg kg -1 aflatoxin B1, [15][16][17][18] 0.25 /8.0 µg kg -1 ochratoxin A, 15-17 10/40 µg kg -1 for zearalenone, 15,25 mostly depending not only on the performance of the instruments, but on the extraction procedure applied for each type. Comparing our limits of quantification mentioned above for the three mycotoxins, one can see that they are in the ranges of these values presented lately by other groups, even we used a simple HPLC system.…”

“…8 Many simple or macromolecular chemical compounds were discovered then proposed for usage for prevention and treatment of the effects produced by fungi development. [9][10][11][12] The late published data show that many HPLC methods for determination of some mycotoxins, from around 400 known types, 1 are using ultra detectors as mass spectrometry, 13,14 fluorescence, 15 matrix solidphase dispersion (MSPD) coupled with HPLC 16 etc. Their performance is fully exploited to obtain very low limits of quantification, but on the other hand, these systems are quite expensive and require a high trained specialist and strictly controlled environment.…”

Aflatoxins: Their Measure and Analysis

“…Then, the mixture is transferred in a cartridge constricted between two frits and after the column has been washed with suitable solvents, the analytes are eluted for the subsequent instrumental detection. In literature some applications of MSPD to aflatoxins analysis are reported (Blesa et al, 2003;Hu et al, 2006) with high recoveries and satisfactory precision. IAC is a very efficient technique of purification: it is based on the high specific interactions among biological molecules, so that such chromatography is able to complete the separation of complex mixture in one step.…”

A model for implementation of HACCP system for prevention and control of mycotoxins during the production of red dried chili pepper

“…flavus, A. niger, A. ochraceus were detected in many pepper samples previously (Erdoğan, 2004). Aflatoxin contamination in red pepper was also defined in several different countries including Australia (Klieber, 2001), China (Hu et al, 2006), Turkey (Set & Erkmen, 2010), Portugal (Martins et al, 2001), Korea (Cho et al, 2008). Red dried chili pepper (RDCP) is produced by drying of plant fruits which are grinded as leaf, with or without stem and stone, and mixing with salt and vegetable oil and dampening by water (Bozkurt & Erkmen, 2004).…”