Determination of Ag, Pb and Sn in aqua regia extracts from sediments by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry using Ru as a permanent modifier

Silva, José Bento Borba da; Silva, Márcia Andreia Mesquita da; Curtius, Adilson José; Welz, Bernhard

doi:10.1039/a905415d

Cited by 102 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 35 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…This temperature program also allowed the removal of contaminants from the modifiers, ensuring low blank values in the final analysis. 13 The mass of the metal deposited in the platform is quite high to assure a permanent coating, since a higher mass of the metal results in higher particle sizes and, therefore, smaller losses due to vaporization. 16 An increase in tube lifetime is also frequently observed, although no further investigation was performed in this work.…”

Section: Reagents and Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the study of the modifiers, the following stock solutions were used: 10000 µg mL - 13 were carried out by pipetting 40 µL of a 500 µg mL -1 Ru solution or of a 500 µg mL -1 Ir solution into the graphite tube, on the platform, and submitting the tube to the temperature program shown in Table 2. The entire procedure, that is, pipetting and heating, was repeated 25 times, in order to obtain a mass of permanent modifier in the tube of 500 µg.…”

Section: Reagents and Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…), are frequently used as permanent modifiers. [13][14][15] In this work, a simple and fast method for the routine determination of Cd in sediments and in sewage sludge is reported. The performances of two permanent modifiers, Ir and Ru, and of modifiers in solution, including a mixture of palladium and magnesium nitrates, are compared.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…16 An increase in tube lifetime is also frequently observed, although no further investigation was performed in this work. This procedure has been used to treat tubes in previous works, 13,[17][18][19] with excellent results.Three certified reference materials were analyzed: marine sediment MESS-2 (National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Canada), Buffalo River Sediment SRM 2704 (National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD, USA) and sewage sludge BCR 144R (Community Bureau of Reference, Brussels, Belgium). …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These modifiers can be purified in situ, by applying a furnace temperature program, leading to low blank signals. 13 In addition, they do not need to be pipetted into the tube each cycle, decreasing the analysis time and increasing the sample throughput. The reduced form of the platinum group metals (Pt, Ir, Ru, Rh etc.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Determination of cadmium in sediments and in sewage sludge by slurry sampling electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry using iridium as permanent modifier

Borges

Dias

Veiga

et al. 2003

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

É proposto um procedimento para a determinação de Cd em sedimentos e em lodo de esgoto doméstico sob a forma de suspensões por espectrometria de absorção atômica com atomização eletrotérmica. As suspensões, 1 mg mL -1 , foram preparadas pela adição de solução 5% v/v de ácido nítrico à amostra moída com tamanho de partícula ≤ 50 µm, em banho de ultra-som. A homogeneidade das suspensões foi assegurada pela passagem de fluxo constante de argônio no recipiente do amostrador automático, antes da transferência de alíquota da suspensão para o interior do forno de grafite. Dois modificadores permanentes depositados sobre a plataforma de grafite pirolítico foram testados: Ru e Ir. Modificadores em solução foram também testados: Pd + Mg e fosfato, separadamente ou em conjunto com Mg. O tubo tratado com Ir foi utilizado devido a sua boa performance como modificador e também por razões práticas. Cerca de 80% do Cd é extraído para a fase aquosa da suspensão. Para testar a exatidão do método, três materiais certificados foram analisados: um sedimento marinho, um sedimento fluvial e lodo de esgoto de origem doméstica. As concentrações obtidas, usando-se calibração com soluções padrão aquosas preparadas no mesmo meio das suspensões, estão em concordância com os valores certificados para intervalo de confiança de 95%, após aplicação do teste Student-t. O limite de detecção (3σ) foi de 43 ng g -1 na amostra sólida e o desvio padrão relativo para o sedimento MESS-2 foi de 2,3% (n = 10).A procedure for the determination of Cd in sediment and sewage sludge as slurries by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry is proposed. The slurry, 1 mg mL -1 , was prepared by mixing sample ground to a particle size ≤ 50 µm with 5% v/v nitric acid in an ultrasonic bath. The homogeneity of the slurries was assured by passing a constant flow of argon into the autosampler cup, just before transferring an aliquot to the graphite furnace. Two permanent modifiers deposited on the platform were tested: Ru and Ir. Modifiers in solution were also tested: Pd plus Mg and phosphate alone or plus Mg. The Ir-treated tube was adopted due to its good performance as modifier and also for practical reasons. About 80% of Cd is extracted to the water phase of the slurry. To test the accuracy of the method, three certified materials were analyzed: a marine sediment, a river sediment and a domestic sewage sludge. The concentrations obtained, using calibration against aqueous standards prepared in the same medium as the slurries, are in agreement with the certified values, at a confidence level of 95%, according to the Student-t test. The limit of detection (3σ) was 43 ng g -1 in the solid sample and the relative standard deviation for the sediment MESS-2 was 2.3% (n = 10).Keywords: cadmium, slurry, ET AAS, modifier, sediment, sewage sludge IntroductionCadmium is a heavy metal, relatively rare and without known vital biological functions for human beings.However, it is quite toxic and its concentration in the environment, even if low, requires periodic control. C...

show abstract

Section: Reagents and Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Reagents and Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Determination of cadmium in sediments and in sewage sludge by slurry sampling electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry using iridium as permanent modifier

Borges

Dias

Veiga

et al. 2003

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Performance of permanent iridium modifier in the presence of corrosive matrix in graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry

Piaścik

Bulska

2001

Fresenius J Anal Chem

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The influence of up to 16% HNO3, 28% HCl, and the mixture of both acids in aqua regia on the analytical performance of electrodeposited modifiers (Ir or Ir+Pd) was evaluated and discussed. Cadmium was used as an example of volatile elements often determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF AAS). In the presence of HCl, the maximum pyrolysis temperature that could be applied was found to be 600 degrees C. In the presence of HNO3 and aqua regia, both modifiers stabilized cadmium up to 800 degrees C. The long-term performance of electrodeposited Ir or Ir+Pd was not influenced by mineral acids; moreover the tube lifetime was significantly prolonged compared with a non-modified tube.

show abstract

Direct determination of Cr and Cu in urine samples by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry using ruthenium as permanent modifier (R1)

Lelis¹,

Magalhães

Rocha³

et al. 2002

Anal Bioanal Chem

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this study Ru, deposited thermally on an integrated platform pyrolytic graphite tube, is proposed as a permanent modifier for the determination of Cu and Cr in urine samples by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. The samples were diluted 1:1 with nitric acid (1% v/v). Pyrolysis and atomization temperatures for spiked urine samples were 1,100 degrees C and 1,900 degrees C respectively for Cu, and 1,400 degrees C and 2,500 degrees C respectively for Cr. For comparison purposes, the conventional modification with Pd+Mg was also studied. The sensitivity for Ru as permanent modifier was higher for the two analytes. The characteristic masses were 7.3 and 17.7 for Cr and Cu. The detection limits (3sigma) were 0.22 and 0.32 microg/L, for Cr and Cu, respectively. Good agreement was obtained with certified urine samples for the two elements.

show abstract

Determination of Ag, Pb and Sn in aqua regia extracts from sediments by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry using Ru as a permanent modifier

Cited by 102 publications

References 35 publications

Determination of cadmium in sediments and in sewage sludge by slurry sampling electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry using iridium as permanent modifier

Determination of cadmium in sediments and in sewage sludge by slurry sampling electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry using iridium as permanent modifier

Performance of permanent iridium modifier in the presence of corrosive matrix in graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry

Direct determination of Cr and Cu in urine samples by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry using ruthenium as permanent modifier (R1)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About