Determination of ambient aerosol sulfur using a continuous flame photometric detection system. II. The measurement of low-level sulfur concentrations under varying atmospheric conditions

D'Ottavio, T.; Garber, R.W.; Tanner, Roger L.; Newman, L.

doi:10.1016/0004-6981(81)90011-1

Cited by 45 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…These methods avoid the collection and extraction steps and their associated problems, although they typically employ a similar analytical technique, IC. Flame photometry has been used to perform in situ quantification of sulfate concentrations by Mueller and Collins (1980), D'Ottavio et al (1981), Allen et al (1984), and Lippmann et al (2000). Another approach uses an aerodynamic particle time-of-flight to select the particle size range, followed by thermal vaporization and analysis using molecular mass spectrometry (Kolb et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Semi-continuous PM2.5 inorganic composition measurements during the Pittsburgh Air Quality Study

Wittig

2004

Atmospheric Environment

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A method for semi-continuous (10 min time resolution) PM 2.5 nitrate and sulfate measurements, based on the humidified impaction with flash volatilization design of Stolzenburg and Hering (Environ. Sci. Technol. 34 (2000) 907), was evaluated during the Pittsburgh Air Quality Study (PAQS) from July 2001 to August 2002. The semi-continuous measurements were corrected for several operating parameters. The overall corrections were less than 10% on average, but could be quite large for individual 10 min measurements. These corrections resulted in an improvement in the agreement of the measurements with the filter-based measurements, with a major axis regression relationship of y ¼ 0:83x þ 0:20 mg m À3 and R 2 of 0.84 for nitrate and y ¼ 0:71x þ 0:42 mg m À3 and R 2 of 0.83 for sulfate. The corrected semi-continuous measurements were calibrated over the entire year using collocated denuder/filterpack-based measurements. These calibrated semi-continuous measurements are used in conjunction with temporally resolved gas-phase measurements of total (gas-and aerosol-phase) nitrate and meteorological measurements to investigate short-term phenomena at the Pittsburgh Supersite. The gas-to-particle partitioning of nitrate varied daily and seasonally, with a majority of the nitrate in the particle phase at night and during the winter months. r

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Semi-continuous PM2.5 inorganic composition measurements during the Pittsburgh Air Quality Study

Wittig

2004

Atmospheric Environment

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“…Because the detector is inherently a mass sensitive detector, commercially available detectors can be modified to respond to the 03 mixing ratio independent of altitude by use of mass flow controllers (see also discussion under altitude response). These problems have been largely eliminated by modifying commercial detectors with the addition of mass flow controllers to maintain constant flows of sample air and hydrogen as the altitude changes, and by the use of SF6 doped hydrogen to enhance sensitivity (4,54,55). Controlling the mass flow holds the burner H2/O2 ratio at a value independent of altitude, and fixes the sulfur mass flow for a given atmospheric sulfur mixing ratio, greatly stabilizing instrument response.…”

Section: Samples Of Ocs and Cs2 Have Been Collected By Passing Air Thmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tropospheric Sampling with Aircraft

Daum

Springston

1993

Advances in Chemistry

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“…The minimum cycle time and, hence, time resolution for the technique, is about 6 to 8 min (23,24). Sensitivity is found to be enhanced by using sulfur hexafluoridedoped hydrogen gas (25).…”

Section: Continuous Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Acidic sulfate aerosols: characterization and exposure.

Lioy¹,

Waldman²

1989

Environ Health Perspect

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Exposures to acidic aerosol in the atmosphere are calculated from data reported in the scientific literature. The majority of date was not derived from studies necessarily designed to examine human exposures. Most of the studies were designed to investigate the characteristics of the atmosphere. However, the measurements were useful in defining two potential exposure situations: regional stagnation and transport conditions and local plume impacts. Levels of acidic aerosol in excess of 20 to 40 micrograms/m3 (as H2SO4) have been observed for time durations ranging from 1 to 12 hr. These were associated with high, but not necessarily the highest, atmospheric SO4(2)- levels. Exposures of 100 to 900 micrograms/m3/hr were calculated for the acid events that were monitored. In contrast, earlier London studies indicated that apparent acidity in excess of 100 micrograms/m3 (as H2SO4) was present in the atmosphere, and exposures less than 2000 micrograms/m3/hr were possible. Our present knowledge about the frequency, magnitude, and duration of acidic sulfate aerosol events and episodes is insufficient. Efforts must be made to gather more data, but these should be done in such a way that evaluation of human exposure is the focus of the research. In addition, further data are required on the mechanisms of formation of H2SO4 and on what factors can be used to predict acidic sulfate episodes.

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Determination of ambient aerosol sulfur using a continuous flame photometric detection system. II. The measurement of low-level sulfur concentrations under varying atmospheric conditions

Cited by 45 publications

References 14 publications

Semi-continuous PM2.5 inorganic composition measurements during the Pittsburgh Air Quality Study

Semi-continuous PM2.5 inorganic composition measurements during the Pittsburgh Air Quality Study

Tropospheric Sampling with Aircraft

Acidic sulfate aerosols: characterization and exposure.

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