Determination of amphetamine and methamphetamine in human hair by headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography with nitrogen–phosphorus detection

Koide, Izumi; Noguchi, Osamu; Okada, Kunio; Yokoyama, Atsushi; Oda, Hideo; Yamamoto, Satoshi; Kataoka, Hiroyuki

doi:10.1016/s0378-4347(97)00582-3

Cited by 73 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…LOD and LOQ were taken to be the mean value of analyte apparent concentration in the negative samples plus 3 and 10 times, respectively, the standard deviation (14). The LODs thus obtained (Table III) were similar to or even lower than those reported by other authors who used GC-MS (15)(16)(17)(18) or alternative techniques (19,20) for analysis. The precision and accuracy of the method were evaluated in terms of the coefficients of variation (C.V.) and the relative errors (from the theoretical concentration) obtained for 10 samples containing each analyte at two different concentration levels (1.0 and 10.0 ng/mg).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

A New GC-MS Method for the Determination of Five Amphetamines in Human Hair

Villamor¹,

Bermejo²,

Fernández³

et al. 2005

Journal of Analytical Toxicology

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A new gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous identification and quantitation of amphetamine (AP), methamphetamine (MA), 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), and 3,4-methylenedioxyethamphetamine (MDEA) in hair is proposed. Hair was hydrolyzed in 1M NaOH at 40~ subjected to extraction with 4:1 (v/v) methylene chloride/isopropanol, and derivatized with pentafluoropropionic anhydride (PFPA) and ethyl acetate. Calibration curves for the five analytes were constructed over the concentration range 0.5-25.0 ng/mg, using their pentadeuterated analogues as internal standards. The limits of detection and quantitation obtained were 0.045 and 0.151 ng/mg for AP; 0.014 and 0.048 ng/mg for MA; 0.013 and 0.043 ng/mg for MDA; 0.017 and 0.057 ng/mg for MDMA; and 0.007 and 0.023 ng/mg for MDEA. The accuracy of the method was found to be in the range _* 9%, and the coefficients of variation were less than 8%.Overall, 24 hair specimens tested positive for one or more amphetamines, with average concentrations of 0.88 ng/mg for AP, 10.14 ng/mg for MA, 1.30 ng/mg for MDA, and 8.87 ng/mg for MDMA. Only one specimen tested positive for MDEA with a concentration of 0.84 ng/mg.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

A New GC-MS Method for the Determination of Five Amphetamines in Human Hair

Villamor¹,

Bermejo²,

Fernández³

et al. 2005

Journal of Analytical Toxicology

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“…Several washing solvents have been reported, including water (Aoki and Kuroiwa, 1983;Kajitani et al, 1989;Cassani and Spiehler, 1993;Kimura et al, 1999b), dichloromethane and water (Kintz et al, 1992b(Kintz et al, , 1995Gaillard et al, 2000;Paterson et al, 2001;Skender et al, 2002;Musshoff et al, 2002), methanol and water (Suzuki et al, 1984a(Suzuki et al, -c, 1989Moriya et al, 1992;Takayama et al, 1997Takayama et al, , 1998aTakayama et al, ,b, 1999Takayama, 1999;Hara et al, 1998;Sweeney et al, 1998;Kronstrand et al, 1998;Liu et al, 2001), ethanol and/or acetone and water (Takahashi, 1984;Takahashi et al, 1984;Kintz et al, 1992a;Rothe et al, 1997), Tween 20 and water (Scarcella et al, 1997), sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) and methanol/water (Nakahara et al, 1989(Nakahara et al, , 1991(Nakahara et al, , 1992(Nakahara et al, , 1993Kikura and Nakahara, 1995a,b;Kikura, 1996, 1997;Miki et al, 1997b;Koide et al, 1998;Al-Dirbashi et al, 1999a, b, 2000Cooper et al, 2000;Yamada et al, 2001;Kalasinsky et al, 2001;Nishida et al, 2002), SDS and di...…”

Section: Clean-upmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MA and AP have also been extracted with chloroform (Takahashi, 1984;Takahashi et al, 1984;Kajitani et al, 1989), n-pentane (Suzuki et al, 1984a,b), dichloromethane (Kintz et al, 1992b;Moriya et al, 1992), ethyl acetate (Kintz et al, 1995;Gaillard et al, 2000;Skender et al, 2002) and iso-octane (Kronstrand et al, 1998). MA and AP in the dissolution were directly detected by GC or GC/MS using a headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) technique (Koide et al, 1998;Liu et al, 2001;Musshoff et al, 2002). Miki et al (1997a,b) used sonication to increase the dissolution efficiency of hairs, and MA in the solution was directly detected by ion mobility spectrometry.…”

Section: Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of methamphetamine and its metabolites in hair

Takayama

Iio

Tanaka

et al. 2003

Biomedical Chromatography

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Methamphetamine (MA) is a sympathomimetic amine whose abuse has become a serious problem in Japan, Korea, Taiwan and other Southeast Asian countries. The use of hair for the determination of MA use has become more commonplace. The maximum period in which MA and its main metabolites (amphetamine and p-hydroxymethamphetamine) can be detected in urine is about 10 days after its use. However, proof of MA use is possible in hair even several years after its use if the part of the hair that grew in the period of its use is available. In addition, segmental analysis of hair is capable of clarifying the history of MA abuse. This paper reviews the clean-up, extraction, analytical method and distribution of MA and its metabolites in hair from reports published in the last 20 years.

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“…There have been several reports of studies for their determination in human hair. Analytical methods have used high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (8)(9)(10)(11)(12), gas chromatography (GC) (13), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) (14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24), capillary electrophoresis (25,26), and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (22,(27)(28)(29). Because of its specificity and sensitivity, gas chromatography-low-resolution mass spectrometric (GC-LRMS) method with the selected ion monitoring technique was routinely employed for the determination of methamphetamine abuse.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas Chromatography-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometric Method for Determination of Methamphetamine and its Major Metabolite Amphetamine in Human Hair

Kim

Suh

et al. 2005

Journal of Analytical Toxicology

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]Gas chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometric (GC-HRMS) method is presented for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of methamphetamine (MA) and its major metabolite, amphetamine (AMP), in human hair. The method procedure involves decontamination of hair with distilled water and acetone, acidic hydrolysis and extraction in the presence of the internal standard, and GC-HRMS selective ion monitoring (SIM) analysis. The limits of detection (LOD) were 9 pg/mg for MA and 21 pg/mg for AMP using a 30-mg hair sample, and the SIM responses were linear with coefficients of correlation ranged from 0.9998 to 0.9999. The recoveries were found to be 91.1-92.3%. By using HRMS (resolution of 5000), detection sensitivity is improved because of the elimination of the biological background, and the LODs for MA and AMP were 2.4-4.4 times lower than those of low-resolution MS. The GC-HRMS method was successfully applied to the analysis of cosmetically treated hair, which is difficult to analyze with the conventional method.

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Determination of amphetamine and methamphetamine in human hair by headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography with nitrogen–phosphorus detection

Cited by 73 publications

References 20 publications

A New GC-MS Method for the Determination of Five Amphetamines in Human Hair

A New GC-MS Method for the Determination of Five Amphetamines in Human Hair

Analysis of methamphetamine and its metabolites in hair

Gas Chromatography-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometric Method for Determination of Methamphetamine and its Major Metabolite Amphetamine in Human Hair

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