Determination of Antimicrobial Activity of Extracts of Indigenous Wild Mushrooms against Pathogenic Organisms

Abstract

Objective. This study has investigated the antimicrobial activity of extracts of indigenous wild mushrooms against selected organisms. Methods. Thirty-five (35) indigenous wild mushrooms were collected from Arabuko-Sokoke and Kakamega National Reserve Forests, Kenya. All mushrooms were identified and their contents were extracted and screened for their antimicrobial activities against Escherichia coli (clinical isolate), Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 13883), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (clinical isolate), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), MRSA (ATCC 33591), Candida albicans (clinical isolate), and Candida parapsilosis (ATCC 90018) using tetrazolium microtiter plate bioassay method. Results. Of the 35 tested mushroom extracts, extracts of three (3) mushrooms, namely, Trametes spp. (Arabuko-Sokoke forest), Trametes, and Microporus spp. (Kakamega forest), have shown promising antimicrobial activities against the tested organisms. The S. aureus (ATCC 25923), P. aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (ATCC 33591) were the most susceptible to chloroform extract of Trametes spp. collected from Arabuko-Sokoke forest. Of the tested organisms, S. aureus (ATCC 25923) was the most susceptible whereas E. coli was the most resistant organism to the hot water extract of Trametes spp. collected from Arabuko-Sokoke forest. Chloroform extract of Microporus spp. has shown the highest antibacterial activity against S. aureus (ATCC 25923), MRSA (ATCC 33591), and K. pneumoniae (ATCC 13883) but limited activity against E.coli. All extracts of the three wild mushrooms have shown the most antibacterial activities against S. aureus (ATCC 25923). Conclusion. The present study has shown that the extracts of the three wild mushrooms have shown promising antimicrobial activities against the tested organisms.

Alleviated Immunological Activities of Wistar Rat Peritoneal Neutrophils and Macrophages by Polysaccharide Rich Extract from the Fruit Bodies of Microporus vernicipes (Polyporales)

“…vernicipes is recommended by traditional healers to treat opportunistic infections, in immunocompetent individual such HIV positive patients. Previously, some studies have reported the antibacterial [12] and antioxidant [13] effects of this plant, but have not been evaluated its effect over the immune system. This work aimed to evaluate the immunomodulatory effect of the crude polysaccharides (PHW and PCW) from M. vernicipes over peritoneal neutrophil and macrophage functions.…”

“…Microporus vernicipes belongs to the Polyporales family and distributes in the tropical and subtropical zone including Cameroon [11]. It has previously demonstrated that the water extract of Microporus vernicipes can have multiple activities such as antibacterial [12] and antioxidant [13] effects. It is traditionally used in treatment of opportunistic infections, whose normally absents in immunocompetent individual.…”

Bioactive Phytochemical Constituents of Wild Edible Mushrooms from Southeast Asia

“…Compound 20 exhibited moderate cytotoxicity against A-549 cells with an IC 50 value of 21.0 µM [98]. In addition to a new menthane monoterpene, 4-hydroxy-4-isopropenylcyclohexanemethanol acetate (22), craterellins D (23) and E (24) were later isolated from fungal cultures after minor modifications of the original cultural conditions. The cytotoxic activities of these compounds on five tumor cell lines were also reported [99].…”

“…Friedman, et al reviewed mushroom polysaccharides which have shown therapeutic properties such as anti-obesity, anti-diabetes, anticancer and antibiotic properties [21]. Mushrooms endowed with potent antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, among other important bioactivities, have been reported in several studies [6,18,[22][23][24][25][26].…”

Evaluation of the effects on atherosclerosis and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Agaricus xanthodermus poisonous mushroom

“…Mushrooms are immensely rich in bioactive compounds yet largely untapped resource of useful natural compounds. These bioactive compounds are found in various cellular components and secondary metabolites, which have been isolated and identified from the fruiting bodies [43]. Mushrooms have many biological activities thanks to these bioactive compounds [39].…”