Determination of Ash and Sulfur in Coal Via Off-line Calibration of XRF

Brief overview of x‐ray fluorescence applications in Mongolian brown coal

“…Therefore, accurate determination of ash content requires knowledge of the elemental composition of the coal. Numerous experiments have revealed that coal ash comprises compounds such as SiO 9 Many studies propose different approaches to determine both the ash content and calorific value of coal by analyzing the intensities of x-ray fluorescent radiation emitted by specific elements and the characteristic radiation of a source (radioisotope or x-ray tube) scattered on the sample, utilizing techniques [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] such as energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence analysis (EDXRF) and wavelength dispersive x-ray fluorescence analysis (WDXRF).…”

“…Numerous experiments have revealed that coal ash comprises compounds such as SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , Fe 2 O 3 , CaO, TiO 2 , MgO, Mn 3 O 4 , Na 2 O, K 2 O, and P 2 O 5 , with Fe 2 O 3 , CaO, and MgO being relatively abundant 9 . Many studies propose different approaches to determine both the ash content and calorific value of coal by analyzing the intensities of x‐ray fluorescent radiation emitted by specific elements and the characteristic radiation of a source (radioisotope or x‐ray tube) scattered on the sample, utilizing techniques 10–24 such as energy dispersive x‐ray fluorescence analysis (EDXRF) and wavelength dispersive x‐ray fluorescence analysis (WDXRF).…”

Quantitative analysis of the major components of coal ash using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy coupled with a wavelet neural network (WNN)

“…[3][4][5] Traditional methods for the detection of the major components in coal ash include the chemical analysis method, X-ray uorescence, X-ray powder diffraction, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), and so on. [6][7][8][9] Nevertheless, these techniques require a lot of time, costly instrumentation and complex sample preparation, thus are not suitable for fast analysis. Prompt gamma neutron activation analysis (PGNAA) 10 is based on the measurement of gamma rays produced by the main constituents of the mineral matter in coal, and has been applied effectively for on-line elemental analysis and proximate analysis of coal.…”

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“…Sample analyses were carried out using an energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer as described in a previous study. 16 The system employs an annular 109 Cd (370 MBq) radioisotope source for excitation of samples and the resulting photons are detected by a Si(Li) detector having a resolution of 180 eV at 5.9 keV coupled to a multichannel analyzer and computer as described in Reference 17. Standard samples with K, Ca, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Sr, and Pb were prepared from their pure chemical compounds following qualitative analyses of the hair samples.…”