Determination of atrazine in milk by immunoassay

Bushway, Rodney J.; Perkins, L. Brian; Hurst, Heather L.; Ferguson, Bruce S.

doi:10.1016/0308-8146(92)90214-m

Cited by 13 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Although the number of applications using LC-MS/MS in trace analysis of fatty food samples such as olive (9, 10) and vegetable oils ( 11) is increasing, the technique still has not been applied to citrus oils. Immunochemical detection technologies have proven to be fast and sensitive screening methods, as well as quantitative analytical tools for pesticide residue determination in food samples (12)(13)(14)(15). The application of enzyme immunoassays for pesticide analysis of edible oils is still very limited; for example, the determination of atrazine ( 16) and organophosphorus insecticides (17 ) in olive oil by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) has been reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Immunochemical detection technologies have proven to be fast and sensitive screening methods, as well as quantitative analytical tools for pesticide residue determination in food samples − . The application of enzyme immunoassays for pesticide analysis of edible oils is still very limited; for example, the determination of atrazine and organophosphorus insecticides in olive oil by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) has been reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immunochemical Screening of Pesticides (Simazine and Cypermethrin) in Orange Oil

Nichkova

Yang

et al. 2009

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Pesticide residue analysis in citrus oils is very important for their quality and marketing. This study assessed the reliability and sensitivity of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) for simazine and cypermethrin screening in orange oil. Simazine was analyzed after extraction of the oil with methanolic phosphate buffer with a limit of quantitation (LOQ) of 40 µg/L for 1-fold and ~100 µg/L for 10-fold oils. Due to matrix effects the immunoanalysis of cypermethrin required hexane–acetonitrile partitioning followed by silica solid phase extraction. The method detected levels higher than 0.5 ppm (mg/L). This LOQ is lower than the U.S. EPA tolerance level (0.9 ppm) for cypermethrin in citrus oils. A good correlation (r2 0.99) between ELISA and LC-MS/MS was observed for the analysis of both analytes in 1-fold orange oil. Immunochemical screening can be used to reduce instrumental analysis costs by its use in preliminary orange oil screening.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunochemical Screening of Pesticides (Simazine and Cypermethrin) in Orange Oil

Nichkova

Yang

et al. 2009

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Immunochemical Assays in Pesticide Analysis

Dankwardt

2000

Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry

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Immunochemical assays (immunoassays, IAs) are biochemical assays which work according to the law of mass action. They are based on the recognition of an antigen (Ag) or a hapten by antibodies (Abs). Abs are serum glycoproteins of the immunoglobulin (Ig) class and are produced by the vertebrate immune system against foreign material of high molecular mass. The result of the binding reaction between the Ab and an analyte is usually made visible by means of enzymatic, chemiluminescent, fluorescent or radioactive markers. According to the label used IAs can be classified into enzyme immunoassays (EIAs), radioimmunoassays (RIAs), fluorescence immunoassays (FIAs) or chemiluminescent immunoassays (CLIAs). The measuring range of most IAs for pesticides is in the parts per trillion to lower parts per billion range. A lot of samples can be analyzed within a short time, while only low sample volumes are necessary. In many cases (water, some liquid food samples) no extraction step and no cleanup are necessary. Not all assays are completely specific to one single compound. Cross‐reactivities of the Abs with haptens similar to the analyte can be observed. In some cases, matrix effects may occur, especially with soil or colored food extracts. Therefore, validation of the assays for the matrix of interest should be carried out. As IAs are usually targeted at a single analyte or a group of analytes, multianalyte approaches using Ab arrays or a combination of immunochemical techniques with liquid chromatography (LC) are pursued.

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