Immunochemical Screening of Pesticides (Simazine and Cypermethrin) in Orange Oil

Abstract

Pesticide residue analysis in citrus oils is very important for their quality and marketing. This study assessed the reliability and sensitivity of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) for simazine and cypermethrin screening in orange oil. Simazine was analyzed after extraction of the oil with methanolic phosphate buffer with a limit of quantitation (LOQ) of 40 µg/L for 1-fold and ~100 µg/L for 10-fold oils. Due to matrix effects the immunoanalysis of cypermethrin required hexane–acetonitrile partitioning followed by silica solid phase extraction. The method detected levels higher than 0.5 ppm (mg/L). This LOQ is lower than the U.S. EPA tolerance level (0.9 ppm) for cypermethrin in citrus oils. A good correlation (r2 0.99) between ELISA and LC-MS/MS was observed for the analysis of both analytes in 1-fold orange oil. Immunochemical screening can be used to reduce instrumental analysis costs by its use in preliminary orange oil screening.

Simultaneous analysis of chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin in cord blood plasma by online solid-phase extraction coupled with liquid chromatography–heated electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry

“…Limits of detection (LODs) were 0.01 and 0.05 ppb at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3 for chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin respectively. The sensitivity of this method was comparable with that of other methods [15][16][17][18]20,21]. The chromatograms show no apparent interferences at the corresponding retention times for either pesticide (Figs.…”

“…The run time cycle was 7 min for each sample. reported studies [17][18][19][20][21]. Product-ion spectra of chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin were obtained and are shown in Figs.…”

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for the Determination of Five Organophosphorus Pesticides in Camellia Oil

“…Although the method was fast and easy, a notable matrix effect was also observed, which decreased ELISA sensitiv ity and specificity. Similar results were found when ELISA was used for pesticide residues determination in other vegetable oils (2, 17). There is little in the literature on the application of ELISA for multiresidue determination of two or more kinds of pesticide in oils, owing to the difficulties in obtaining the appropriate antibody and the sample matrix effect.…”

Monitoring of Total Type II Pyrethroid Pesticides in Citrus Oils and Water by Converting to a Common Product 3-Phenoxybenzoic Acid

“…Experiments conducted in our laboratory also found that the sensitivity for some pyrethroids, especially cyhalothrin and beta-cyfluthrin, are much worse than other types of pesticides, by using either a GC-MS/MS or LC-MS/MS technique. For cypermethrin, the LOD obtained in our laboratory was 40 ppb in orange oil by using a very sensitive tandem mass spectrometer,(16) while an entry level tandem mass spectrometer did not have enough sensitivity to measure cypermethrin under 500 ppb. In other investigations, LODs ranging from 13 to 49 ppb in tomato extracts for nine pyrethroids were achieved by using LC post-column photoderivatization and chemiluminescence detection followed by vigorous sample extraction and a pre-concentration step.…”

“…deltamethrin(8), cypermethrin(9), flucythrinate(10), cyhalothrin(11), fenpropathrin(12), and esfenvalerate(13)). Many of these assays have also been demonstrated to work in environmental matrices such as soil extracts(8), grain extracts(8), milk(14), fruit jucies(10), plant and fruit extracts(15), wine(15), and orange oil(16). In most cases, especially in more complex matrices, extensive cleanup procedures are required.…”