Determination of benzophenone-3 and metabolites in water and human urine by solid-phase microextraction and quadrupole ion trap GC–MS

Felix, Tonya; Hall, Brad; Brodbelt, Jennifer S.

doi:10.1016/s0003-2670(98)00293-1

Cited by 139 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…One of the main metabolites of Bp-3, 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone, binds to estrogen receptors with micromolar affinity, in contrast to its parent compound (27). This metabolite was detected in human urine after dermal application of a commercial sunscreen product (10). O-dealkylation also appears to be the major metabolic pathway of Bp-3 in rats (28).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In Vitro and in Vivo Estrogenicity of UV Screens

Schlumpf¹,

Cotton²,

Conscience³

et al. 2001

Environmental Health Perspectives

136

189

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The UV screen benzophenone-3 (Bp-3) and its metabolite 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone have been detected in human urine from 4 hr after application of commercially available sunscreen products to the skin (7,10). Bp-3 has also been found to be readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract (11).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro and in Vivo Estrogenicity of UV Screens

Schlumpf¹,

Cotton²,

Conscience³

et al. 2001

Environmental Health Perspectives

136

189

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…8,9 On the other hand, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is useful for the determination of BPs in human urine samples. 10 The sample preparation method known as solid-phase micro extraction (SPME) has been achieved the determination of BPs in human urine samples. 10 However, because the limit of detection (LOD) of 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (BP-3) was 5 ng ml -1 , the sensitivity of the above SPME method remains low.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10 The sample preparation method known as solid-phase micro extraction (SPME) has been achieved the determination of BPs in human urine samples. 10 However, because the limit of detection (LOD) of 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (BP-3) was 5 ng ml -1 , the sensitivity of the above SPME method remains low. In 1999, a sorptive extraction technique that uses a stir bar coated with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was developed, 11 and is known as stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of Benzophenones in Human Urine Samples by Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction and Thermal Desorption-Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry

et al. 2008

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Determination of benzophenones (BPs) in human urine samples by stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) and thermal desorption (TD)-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is described. As analytes, BP, its metabolites benzhydrol (BP-OH) and 2-hydroxybenzophenone (2OH-BP), and its derivatives 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (BP-3) and 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4¢-methylbenzophenone (BP-10) were selected. After enzymatic hydrolysis, a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) stir bar was placed in a urine sample diluted 1:1 with water and stirred for 60 min at room temperature. The limit of quantification (LOQ) of BPs is 0.2 -0.5 ng ml -1 (ppb). The method showed linearity over the calibration range (0.2 -10 or 0.5 -10 ng ml -1 ), and the correlation coefficients were equal to or higher than 0.993 for all of the analytes. The average recoveries of BPs were equal to or higher than 98.7% (RSD: 1.5 -4.8%, n = 6).

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“…[6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Moreover, the link between physico-chemical degradations and molecular degradation is hardly evaluated. A work in 2006 by Thais Guaratini et al, 13 describe the determination of gel-cream stability by chemical and physical parameters validated by (HPLC) chromatography and rheological measurements, conclusion confirm that chemical and physical stability must be evaluated at the same time since they seem to have related effects.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability of Cosmetic Formulations Containing UV Filters and Preservatives, Based on Physical and Chemical Parameters

Stephane¹

2015

MOJT

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Cosmetic stability predictions one of the key parameter for good quality of the product and is essential to assure the efficiency of the preservative system, and consumer safety. This study proposes the determination of cosmetics chemical stability validated by chromatography and physical measurements. Physical and organoleptic stability, important parameters in skin care products are also considered in this work. Twelve cosmetic products were stored at 25°C and 45°C during three months. According to organoleptic results, five formulas on twelve showed signs of degradation and physical instability, that can turn into unattractive product and damage their image. The same formulas have shown significant pH, viscosity and modifications. Chemical degradation and toxic byproduct identification are evaluated by analytical assay. According to analytical results, no concentration decreases have been observed for UV filters, contrary to some preservatives. First decrease has appeared for methyl paraben at Day 40 at room temperature (RT) and at Day 19 at 45°C, a 10% diminution has been observed.This decrease can have consequences on microbial safety by proliferation of microorganisms and cause skin infections after application. By the large range of product forms studied in these experimentations, the need to choose the best criteria for each formula, before any study of stability, appeared as obvious. Regarding the type of formula and the ingredient, oxidation and degradation of urea have been identified as being responsible for instability. Identification of these reactions demonstrates that determination of chemical reactions in cosmetic safety evaluation and determination of the shelf life of a product have to be studied to ensure safety. For two critical formulas: body scrub and moisturizer, theoretical period after open (PAO) were confronted with experimental determination and have not been proven. Finally, in regard to active compounds studied: methylparaben, propyl paraben, salicylic acid and benzoic acid showed diminution of concentration in time contrary to UV filters.

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Determination of benzophenone-3 and metabolites in water and human urine by solid-phase microextraction and quadrupole ion trap GC–MS

Cited by 139 publications

References 11 publications

In Vitro and in Vivo Estrogenicity of UV Screens

In Vitro and in Vivo Estrogenicity of UV Screens

Measurement of Benzophenones in Human Urine Samples by Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction and Thermal Desorption-Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry

Stability of Cosmetic Formulations Containing UV Filters and Preservatives, Based on Physical and Chemical Parameters

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