Determination of Biocompatibility

Schmalz, Gottfried

doi:10.1007/978-3-540-77782-3_2

Cited by 20 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…While in vitro experiments on initial microbial adhesion can minimize confounders by standardization, in vivo settings allow the inclusion of host factors, such as individual composition of saliva, the varying oral microbiome, and the immune system [24][25][26]. Regarding cytotoxicity tests, a stepwise approach from simple cell culture models to in vivo models is the common procedure for testing new biomaterials [27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects of a copper-loaded zinc oxide phosphate cement

Wassmann¹,

Schubert²,

Malinski³

et al. 2020

Clin Oral Invest

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Objectives Evidence about modifications of dental luting materials to minimize biological failure at the "marginal gap" between teeth and fixed prosthodontics is scarce. We compared a copper-modified (Co-ZOP) and a conventional zinc oxide phosphate cement (ZOP) in terms of antimicrobial and cytotoxic potentials in vitro and in vivo. Materials and methods Specimens of ZOP and Co-ZOP were characterized by the mean arithmetic roughness (Ra) and surface free energy (SFE). Powder components were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) showed elemental material compositions. In vitro microbial adhesion was shown using SEM, luminescence, and fluorescence assays. CCK-8 assays of mouse fibroblasts (L929) and human gingival fibroblasts (GF-1) were performed after 6, 24, and 48 h of specimen incubation. In vivo, ZOP and Co-ZOP specimens were applied intraorally for 12 h; biofilm accumulation was shown using SEM. Results Ra of ZOP and Co-ZOP showed no significant differences; SFE was significantly higher for Co-ZOP. EDX exhibited minor copper radiation for Co-ZOP, none for ZOP. In vitro fungal adhesion to Co-ZOP was significantly higher than to ZOP; in vitro streptococcal adhesion, cytotoxicity, and in vivo biofilm formation were not significantly different. Conclusions Co-ZOP showed low surface allocations of copper with no improved antimicrobial properties compared with conventional ZOP in vitro or in vivo. Clinical relevance Antimicrobial effects and low cytotoxicity of biomaterials are important for the clinical outcome. Based on our in vitro and in vivo results, no clinical recommendation can be given for the tested Co-ZOP.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects of a copper-loaded zinc oxide phosphate cement

Wassmann¹,

Schubert²,

Malinski³

et al. 2020

Clin Oral Invest

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“…Other components are comonomers such as triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), diethylene glycol dimethacrylate, and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate and various molecules such as photoactivators, co-activators, inhibitors, absorbers, and stabilizers. 11 The amount of ingredients that can be extracted from resin composites and cements depends on the extraction medium. 12 Some investigations revealed that between 0.4 wt% and 1.5 wt% Bis-GMA or 4.6–11 wt% of the initial weight of all organic substances is releasable with organic solvents.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biocompatibility evaluation of orthodontic composite by real-time cell analysis

et al. 2016

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Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of three different light-cured orthodontic composites. Material and methods: Light Bond (Reliance orthodontic products), Grengloo (Ormco corporation), and Kurasper F (Kuraray Europe GmbH) were selected for the experiment. Specimens were prepared according to the manufacturers’ instructions, measuring 5 mm in diameter and 2 mm in thickness. Fibroblast cells were obtained from healthy gingival connective tissues. The composite cylinders were incubated in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s culture medium for 72 h according to ISO 10993-5 standards. The xCELLigence method was used to evaluate fibroblast cell vitality. After seeding 200 mL of the cell suspensions into the wells (20,000 cells/well) of the E-plate 96, gingival fibroblasts were treated with bioactive components released by the orthodontic composite materials and monitored every 15 min for 121 h. Results: There were no significant differences between the human gingival fibroblast (HGF) cell indexes of the control and all testing groups ( p > 0.05) at 24 and 48 h. Light Bond demonstrated statistically significant decrease in HGF index ( p < 0.05) at 72 h, but there was no significant difference among the Kurasper F, Grengloo, and untreated control groups ( p > 0.05). Light Bond ( p < 0.001) and Grengloo ( p < 0.05) groups had lower HGF cell index values when compared to untreated control group, but Kurasper F demonstrated no significant differences between the control groups at 96 h ( p > 0.05). Conclusion: Orthodontic composite materials include biologically active components and may change oral tissue. So, biocompatible orthodontic bonding composites should be used.

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“…Oral infections may also act as risk/aggravating factors for systemic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases 10 or metabolic syndrome 11 . Current treatment modalities, including tooth fillings, endodontic treatment, prosthetic rehabilitation, and implant-based tooth replacement, are subject to several biological and technical complications [12][13][14][15] and adverse reactions 16 , overall compromising their long-term therapeutic efficacy. In this respect, the urgent need to manage dental/oral diseases on a long-term basis has been described as a global health priority 8 .…”

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Prospects of Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products–Based Therapies in Regenerative Dentistry: Current Status, Comparison with Global Trends in Medicine, and Future Perspectives

Bakopoulou

2020

Journal of Endodontics

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Introduction: Regenerative medicine offers innovative approaches to restore damaged tissues on the basis of tissue engineering (TE). Although research on advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs) has been very active in recent years, the number of licensed products remains surprisingly low and restricted to the treatment of severe, incurable diseases. Methods: This paper provides a critical review of current literature on the regulatory, clinical, and commercial status of ATMP-based therapies in the EU and worldwide and the hurdles to overcome for their broader application in Regenerative Dentistry. Results: Competent authorities have focused on developing regulatory pathways to address unmet patient needs. Oncology represents the dominating field, followed by cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, neurodegenerative, immunologic, and inherited diseases. Yet, the status remains in early development, and scientific, regulatory, and cost-effectiveness issues impose considerable hurdles toward marketing authorization, technology adoption, and patient accessibility. In this context, although regenerative dentistry has achieved breakthrough innovations in TE of several dental/oral tissues in preclinical models, it has hardly harnessed research progress to integrate innovative regenerative treatments into clinical practice. Conclusion: Global demographic changes, which demonstrate a steady increase of the aging population, highlight the societal need for the application of ATMP-based therapies in the treatment of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Although oral diseases, as an integral part of NCDs, are not life-threatening and largely preventable, they sustain high prevalence, with severe burden on economy and quality of life. In this perspective, the urgent request to ultimately translate draining research in dental TE conducted during the last decades into innovative treatments brought safely and cost-effectively into society at large still holds the stage. This review provides an overview of the regulatory, clinical, and commercial status of ATMP-based therapies in the European Union and worldwide and the hurdles to overcome for their broader application in regenerative dentistry.

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Determination of Biocompatibility

Cited by 20 publications

References 73 publications

The antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects of a copper-loaded zinc oxide phosphate cement

The antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects of a copper-loaded zinc oxide phosphate cement

Biocompatibility evaluation of orthodontic composite by real-time cell analysis

Prospects of Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products–Based Therapies in Regenerative Dentistry: Current Status, Comparison with Global Trends in Medicine, and Future Perspectives

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