Determination of Cadmium and Lead in Human Teeth Samples Using Dispersive Liquid‐liquid Microextraction and Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

Abstract

A new method for the determination of cadmium and lead in human teeth was developed based on dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction preconcentration and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry determination. In the proposed approach, O,O-diethyldithiophosphate (DDTP) was used as a chelating agent, and carbon tetrachloride and methanol were selected as extraction and dispersive solvents. Some factors influencing the extraction efficiency of cadmium and lead and their subsequent determination, including extraction and dispersive solvent type and volume, pH of sample solution, concentration of the chelating agent and extraction time, were studied and optimized. Under the optimum conditions, the enrichment factor of 116 and 68 for cadmium and lead were achieved. The detection limit for cadmium and lead was 5.6 and 45 ng L -1 , and the relative standard deviation (R.S.D) was 4.5% and 3.8% (n = 7, c = 1.0 ng mL -1 ), respectively. Verification of the accuracy of the method was carried out by analysis of a standard reference material (NIST 1486, bone meal). The method was successfully applied to the determination of trace amount of cadmium and lead in human teeth samples with satisfactory results.

Simple and green switchable dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction of cadmium in water and food samples

“…The results of the present study are compared with literature values in Table 4. 17,40,[51][52][53] The linear range, LOD and EF values of the present study are comparable to the literature values. Furthermore, the developed strategy can be utilized and extended to other separation processes.…”

Teeth as Indicators of Environmental Pollution with Lead

“…Graphite furnace atomic absorption Spectrophotometry (GFAAS) is a very attractive option for the determination of trace amount of lead in teeth [10,17,[31][32][33][34][35][36][37].…”

Lead preconcentration as rac-(E,E)-N,N′-bis(2-chlorobenzylidene)cyclohexane-1,2-diamine complexes from water and tobacco samples by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction

“…Less water soluble extractor solvents give higher recoveries. Therefore, the choice of extrac tion solvent strongly influences the recovery [25,26]. Herein, the extraction solvents such as carbon tetra chloride, chloroform and dichloromethane were eval uated, giving recoveries of 73.2, 100.0, and 60.8%, re spectively.…”