Determination of carbofuran and 3-hydroxycarbofuran residues in peppermint hay and peppermint oil

Abstract

A general method for determining residues of carbofuran and its major carbamate plant metabolite, 3-hydroxycarbofuran, was modified for the analysis of peppermint hay and oil. The hay was refluxed with acid and carbofuran residues were partitioned into 25% ethyl acetate in hexane followed by Florisil cleanup. The metabolite analysis involved extraction of the hydrolysis mixture with dichloromethane, charcoal-silica gel chromatography, ethoxylation, and Florisil cleanup. The oil samples were diluted with hexane and extracted with water, and the residues were partitioned into dichloromethane followed by ethoxylation and Florisil cleanup. Quantitation was by nitrogen-specific gas chromatography. These methods are sensitive to 0.05 ppm in hay and 0.1 ppm in oil for the parent compound and to 0.1 ppm for the metabolite in both substrates. Recoveries averaged 85%.The insecticide carbofuran (Furadan, 2,3-dihydro-2,2dimethyl-7-benzofuranyl JV-methylcarbamate) is effective for the control of strawberry root weevil (Fumibotys fumalis) larvae and mint root borer (Otiorhynchus ovatus) larvae in peppermint (Berry, 1971). An analytical method for determining this insecticide and its principal metabolite, 3-hydroxycarbofuran (2,3-dihydro-3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranyl -methylcarbamate), in mint hay and in oil distilled from the hay was needed. A general

Dissipation of Propiconazole and Tebuconazole in Peppermint Crops (Mentha piperita (Labiatae)) and Their Residues in Distilled Oils

“…GC with detection using TID and MS was also used to establish that a decay rate of t 1/2 of 8 days for tebuconazole in grapes resulted in residue levels ranging from <0.05 to 0.22 mg/kg in the must and wine (Cabras et al, 1997a,b). In the present study, the method of Groene- Although the persistence of residues of organophosphorus insecticides and fungicides in peppermint has been studied (Be ´langer, 1989;Kiiegemagi et al, 1973;Inman et al, 1983), the fates of propiconazole and tebuconazole, applied to peppermint, have not been determined. Chlorinated pesticides have been reported to persist in the vegetative material of peppermint and have co-distilled with the oil during steam distillation (Gould, 1960;Starr et al, 1963;Ballee et al, 1970).…”

Multiresidue Analysis of Multiclass Pesticides in Lavandin Essential Oil by LC/MS/MS Using the Scheduled Selected Reaction Monitoring Mode

“…In this context, relatively few papers have been published on pesticide analysis in essential oils. The examples that are published in the peer-reviewed literature cover matrixes as different as essential oils from citrus (lemon or bergamot) − to distilled oils from peppermint, parsley, and fennel, ,− and the target analyte list rarely exceeds ten and is normally limited to one or two categories, e.g., organochlorines, − organophosphorous, or acidic pesticides . For example, Garland et al established a guideline for the determination of various classes of pesticides in different essential oils; however, no more than 10 pesticides were analyzed simultaneously .…”

Determination of Propiconazole Residue in Boronia Extract (Concrete)

“…Most research has been on citrus oils, such as lemon (Dugo et al, 1990), mandarin, orange, and bergamot (Leoni and D'Alessandro de Luca, 1978), and sweet orange (Di Bella et al, 1991). Other research has included peppermint (Inman et al, 1983), peppermint and monarda (Bélanger, 1989), and rose, lime, petitgrain, and rue (Stoffelsma and De Roos, 1973). However, there has been little work relating to pesticide residues in concretes.…”