Determination of chloramphenicol residues in fish meats by liquid chromatography–atmospheric pressure photoionization mass spectrometry

Takino, Masahiko; Daishima, Shigeki; Nakahara, Tsutomu

doi:10.1016/s0021-9673(03)01065-3

Cited by 107 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…APPI has been successfully applied to a range of environmentally relevant molecules that ionize poorly via electrospray. These include aliphatic lipids (Cai and Syage 2006;Roy et al 2006), isoprenoid lipids (Cai et al 2005), condensed tannins (GomezAriza et al 2006), hydrophobic peptides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (Hanold et al 2004;Hiroshi et al 2004;Straube et al 2004;Purcell et al 2006;Zheng and Shamsi 2006), pesticides (Takino et al 2003;Yoshioka et al 2004), mycotoxins (Takino et al 2003), and crude oil fractions (Purcell et al 2006(Purcell et al , 2007. Here, we report early results on the application of APPI FT-ICR MS to dissolved organic matter from natural waters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Electrospray and photoionization mass spectrometry for the characterization of organic matter in natural waters: a qualitative assessment

Hockaday

Purcell

Marshall

et al. 2009

Limnology & Ocean Methods

255

214

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Fourier‐transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (MS) has demonstrated potential to revolutionize the fields of limnology and chemical oceanography by identifying the individual molecular components of organic matter in natural waters. The use of MS for this purpose is made possible by the electrospray technique which successfully ionizes polar, nonvolatile organic molecules. Another recently developed ion source, atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI), extends MS capabilities to less polar molecules. This article presents early results on the application of APPI MS to natural organic matter. We compare APPI MS and electrospray MS data for dissolved organic matter from Lake Drummond (Virginia, USA). Collectively, electrospray and APPI MS identify more than 6000 molecular species to which we assign unique molecular formulas. Fewer than 1000 molecular species are common to both electrospray and APPI mass spectra, indicating that the techniques are highly complementary in the types of molecules they ionize. Access to a broad range of molecules provided by combining APPI and electrospray has prompted a qualitative analysis. The goal is to assess the extent to which molecular MS data correspond with elemental (CHNOS) and structural characteristics determined by combustion elemental analyses and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Because the data obtained by these different methods are not directly comparable, we propose a novel data analysis procedure that facilitates their comparison. The bulk elemental composition calculated from electrospray MS data are in close agreement (± 15%) with values determined by combustion elemental analysis. APPI and electrospray MS detect protein contributions in agreement with 13C NMR (6 wt %) but underestimate carbohydrates relative to 13C NMR. Nevertheless, MS results agree with NMR on the relative proportions of noncarbohydrate compounds in the organic matter: lignins > lipids > peptides. Finally, we use a molecular mixing model to simulate a 13C NMR spectrum from the MS datasets. The correspondence of the simulated and measured 13C NMR signals (74%) suggests that, collectively, the molecular species identified by APPI and electrospray MS comprise a large portion of the organic matter in Lake Drummond. These results add credibility to electrospray and APPI MS in limnology and oceanography applications, but further characterization of ion source behavior is fundamental to the accurate interpretation of MS data.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Electrospray and photoionization mass spectrometry for the characterization of organic matter in natural waters: a qualitative assessment

Hockaday

Purcell

Marshall

et al. 2009

Limnology & Ocean Methods

255

214

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“…First, common solvents such as water, ACN or methanol (MeOH) are not affected by discharge lamp as their IPs are higher than 10 eV [29,36,37], thus resulting in a low background noise [37]. Second, APPI sources appear to be less sensitive to ion suppression (compared to APCI and above all to ESI) [28,31,[38][39][40][41]. Finally, APPI achieves significantly better sensitivity than APCI over a wider range of flow rates, particularly at the very low flow rates generated by CE separations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coupling CE with atmospheric pressure photoionization MS for pharmaceutical basic compounds: Optimization of operating parameters

Schappler¹,

Guillarme²,

Prat³

et al. 2007

Electrophoresis

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The use of CE coupled with MS (CE-MS) has evolved as a useful tool to analyze charged species in small sample volumes. Because of its sensitivity, versatility and ease of implementation, the ESI interface is currently the method of choice to hyphenate CE to MS. An alternative can be the atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI) source, however, numerous parameters must be optimized for its coupling to CE. After evaluation of the sheath liquid composition and the CE capillary outlet position, an experimental design methodology was assessed for optimizing other ionization source parameters, such as sheath liquid flow rate, drying gas flow rate and temperature, nebulizing gas pressure, vaporizer temperature, and capillary voltage. For this purpose, a fractional factorial design (FFD) was selected as a screening procedure to identify factors which significantly influence sensitivity and efficiency. A face-centered central composite design (CCD) was then used to predict and optimize sensitivity, taking into account the most relevant variables. Sensitivity was finally evaluated with the optimized conditions and height-to-noise ratios (H/N) around 10 were achieved for an injection of 200 ng/mL of each analyte.

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“…(J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2007, 18, 589 -599) © 2007 American Society for Mass Spectrometry M ethods to detect nonpolar compounds by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) have advanced significantly over the last few years, owing to development of newer source technologies [1][2][3] and improved choices of mobile phase(s) for chromatographic separation [4,5]. Recent work has focused on the direct comparison of different sources (APPI, APCI, and ESI) with specific target compounds, e.g., polyaromatic hydrocarbons [6,7], hydrophobic peptides [8], pesticides [9,10], as well as fatty acids and lipids [4,5]. In many cases atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI) [1,7] has demonstrated extended linear dynamic range [11], enhanced sensitivity and thus lower detection limits [6,9,[12][13][14][15], and reduced or no off-line sample cleanups [6,9] in comparison with direct APCI or ESI.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

APPI-MS: Effects of mobile phases and VUV lamps on the detection of PAH compounds

Short¹,

Cai²,

Syage³

2007

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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The technique of atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI) has several advantages over electrospray ionization (ESI) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI), including efficient ionization of nonpolar or low charge affinity compounds, reduced susceptibility to ion suppression, high sensitivity, and large linear dynamic range. These benefits are greatest at low flow rates (i.e., Յ100 L/min), while at a higher flow, photon absorption and ion-molecule reactions become significant. Under certain circumstances, APPI signal and S/N have been observed to excel at higher flow, which may be due to a nonphotoionzation mechanism. To better understand APPI at higher flow rates, we have selected three lamps (Xe, Kr, and Ar) and four mobile phases typical for reverse-phase, high-pressure liquid chromatography: acetonitrile, methanol, (1:1) acetonitrile:water and (1:1) methanol:water. As test compounds, three polyaromatic hydrocarbons are studied: benzo[a]pyrene, indeno [1,2,3-c, d]pyrene and benz [a]anthracene. We find that solvent photoabsorption cross-section is not the only parameter in explaining relative signal intensity, but that solvent photo-ion chemistry can also play a significant role. Three conclusions from this investigation are: (1) [4,5]. Recent work has focused on the direct comparison of different sources (APPI, APCI, and ESI) with specific target compounds, e.g., polyaromatic hydrocarbons [6,7], hydrophobic peptides [8], pesticides [9,10], as well as fatty acids and lipids [4,5]. In many cases atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI) [1,7] has demonstrated extended linear dynamic range [11], enhanced sensitivity and thus lower detection limits [6,9,[12][13][14][15], and reduced or no off-line sample cleanups [6,9] in comparison with direct APCI or ESI. Adding a dopant (dopant-assisted, DA) to the mobile phase in many cases can further increase sensitivity [2].A related analytical technique is atmospheric pressure laser ionization (APLI), which has shown excellent sensitivity for certain non-or low-polar compounds [3]. The enhanced sensitivity is a direct result of the high photon flux associated with a laser system, often several orders of magnitude higher than the noncoherent light sources, e.g., lamps used with APPI. The APLI source relies on one-color, two-photon (1 ϩ 1) resonantlyenhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI), typically using a KrF excimer laser emitting light at 5.0 eV, efficiently ionizing nonpolar molecules. However, APLIis not yet widely used due to the large size, expense, and maintenance associated with the laser system. Furthermore, changing the wavelength of an excimer laser requires the replacement of the gas mixture and often re-tuning of the laser cavity, whereas with an APPI system, the wavelength can be changed by simply switching the lamp.To improve the capabilities of APPI for LC-MS, we have focused on the ion chemistry involved in and following the photoionization process. Although direct, single-photon ionization (SPI) of a compound [M] however, there is litt...

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Determination of chloramphenicol residues in fish meats by liquid chromatography–atmospheric pressure photoionization mass spectrometry

Cited by 107 publications

References 17 publications

Electrospray and photoionization mass spectrometry for the characterization of organic matter in natural waters: a qualitative assessment

Electrospray and photoionization mass spectrometry for the characterization of organic matter in natural waters: a qualitative assessment

Coupling CE with atmospheric pressure photoionization MS for pharmaceutical basic compounds: Optimization of operating parameters

APPI-MS: Effects of mobile phases and VUV lamps on the detection of PAH compounds

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